春秋时期人口流动迁徙问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 12:22

【摘要】： 春秋时期，王室衰微，大国争霸，夷狄游牧民族与华夏农耕民族发生激烈交锋。各族各国之间冲突不断，急剧动荡的社会形势必然导致人口的大流动、大迁徙。本文拟从前因、表现及作用三方面对其进行论述。第一部分：人口流动迁徙的原因。社会生产力的发展增强了人类征服自然的能力，个体家庭独立生产成为可能；统治阶级对下层人民束缚的减轻；大片旷野的存在，这都为人口的流动迁徙提供了前提。春秋诸侯各国普遍认识到人的重要性，采取积极措施吸引外来人口，甚至于诱掠别国人员，以增强自身实力。加之各类灾害频繁发生，统治者残酷的剥削和压迫，造成人口在不同地区、不同国家间频繁流动。第二部分：人口流动迁徙状况。春秋时期，人口流动迁徙频繁，主要有以下几种情况：战争兴起，当地及附近居民迅速逃离，流亡他乡去寻求相对安全的避难所。虏掠战俘、人口是各国对外战争的主要目标之一。当一个国家灭亡后，其统治者、贵族或平民往往被迁离原地。广大的弱小国家在强国攻击、兼并的威胁下，多会迁往他处以避灾难。为加强对占领区的控制，征服者多在新拓出的土地上派兵驻守，并随以大批军政及家属人员，形成对“敌”优势。战争结束后，战胜国要向周天子、盟主国、诸侯大会献俘。当然春秋时也有弱国向强国献纳人口以求自安及谋霸诸侯对他国布恩施惠式的人员赠送。周王室、诸侯国内部卿大夫之间争权夺利斗争的失败者、担心祸及自身者、在本国无法存身者，往往会离弃家园，出奔他邦。诸侯各国在不断扩疆拓土过程中，每建一城，每占一地，每灭一国，都会迁人驻守，，并把其中的一些地方分封、赏赐给自己的功臣和亲属。各国内部激烈的斗争也会造成人口在国内各地区的流动。统治者为了族邦更好的发展也会带领人民向别的地方转移，各类文人学士出于求仕游学的目的也多有四处流动现象发生。第三部分：人口流动迁移的历史作用。春秋时期的人口流动、迁徙在当时产生了重大影响。人口的增减打破国家间力量的平衡，人才的出入决定国家的兴衰，“士存则国存，士亡则国亡，”同时，流动迁徙的人们把各种文化、技术、经验带到迁居地，促进了地区之间多向的交流与传播。夷夏各族通过频繁的战争与各种政治活动加强了联系，民族杂居，互通婚姻，促进了民族融合。
[Abstract]:During the Spring and Autumn period, the royal family declined, the great powers scrambled for hegemony, and the Yiddi nomads and the Chinese farming nation had a fierce confrontation. The conflicts between nations and countries are incessant, and the rapid social situation will inevitably lead to the great movement and migration of population. This article intends to discuss it from three aspects: the former cause, the performance and the function. The first part: the reason of migration. The development of social productive forces enhanced the ability of human beings to conquer nature, and individual family production became possible; the ruling class lightened the bondage of the lower class; and the existence of large areas of wilderness provided the premise for the migration of population. Recognising the importance of human beings, various countries took active measures to attract the foreign population and even to seduce people from other countries in order to strengthen their own strength. Combined with the frequent occurrence of various disasters and cruel exploitation and oppression by the rulers, the population flows frequently in different regions and countries. The second part: migration status of population mobility. During the Spring and Autumn period, population migration was frequent, mainly in the following situations: the rise of war, the rapid escape of local and nearby residents, and exile to seek a relatively safe haven. Captivity of prisoners of war, population is one of the main targets of foreign wars. When a country dies, its rulers, aristocrats or civilians are often moved out of place. Under the threat of great power and annexation, the small and weak countries will move to him to avoid disaster. In order to strengthen the control of the occupied areas, the conquerors mostly stationed troops on the newly developed land, and along with a large number of military and political personnel and family members, they formed a superiority over the "enemy." After the war, the victorious nation to Zhou Emperor, allies, princes Congress. Of course, in the Spring and Autumn period, some weak countries offered their own people to the powerful countries in order to seek security and seek hegemony. The royal family of Zhou, the loser of the struggle for power and profit among the imperial princes, worried that those who could not survive in their own country would abandon their homes and leave for other countries. In the process of expanding Xinjiang and expanding the soil, every country, every city, every land, every country, will move to garrison, and some of these places will be sealed, rewarded to their own meritorious service and relatives. Fierce struggles within countries can also result in the movement of people in all parts of the country. The rulers will lead the people to other places for the better development of the nation. The third part: the historical function of population mobility and migration. During the Spring and Autumn period, migration had a great impact. The increase or decrease of the population upset the balance of power among countries, and the entry and exit of talents determined the rise and fall of the country. "if a country survives, it will survive." at the same time, migrant people will bring all kinds of culture, technology and experience to the places where they move. It promotes multi-directional communication and communication among regions. Yi Xia ethnic groups through frequent wars and various political activities to strengthen ties, ethnic mixed, marriage, promote ethnic integration.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K225

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