关于明朝的籍贯与户籍问题

发布时间：2019-05-18 05:12

【摘要】：王毓铨辨析"籍是籍、贯是贯",有助于澄清以往的模糊认识,但又有矫枉过正之嫌,从明代文献看,当时"籍"与"贯"的含义已经混融趋同。明代不少人既有原籍(也称祖籍、本籍等,即祖先著籍地),又在其他地方占籍(也称附籍、著籍等,即户籍登记地),参加科举考试、佥派徭役等场合例以后者为准;但在日常生活中,并无确定单一籍贯之必要,史籍和地方志著录人物籍贯时也没有统一标准。明代的户籍,可以区分为基本户籍和次生户籍两大类,前者之间不能兼容并存,但可在其上叠加次生户籍;后者有的属于役籍,有的则与徭役无关,都是在基本户籍的基础上编定的,因此可与基本户籍兼容并存,而且一种次生户籍之中往往包含数种基本户籍。役籍与职业之间,虽然不能说毫无关系,但确实也不存在直接的对应关系。
[Abstract]:Wang Yuquan's discrimination of "nationality is a nationality, tram" is helpful to clarify the vague understanding in the past, but there is also a suspicion of overcorrection. From the literature of the Ming Dynasty, the meaning of "book" and "penetration" has been mixed and converged at that time. In Ming Dynasty, many people not only had their place of origin (also known as ancestral origin, native nationality, etc.), but also occupied registration in other places (also known as attached books, etc., that is, domicile registration place), took part in imperial examination, sent corvee and other occasions to the latter. However, in daily life, there is no need to determine a single place of origin, and there is no unified standard for the description of historical records and local chronicles. The household registration in Ming Dynasty can be divided into two categories: basic household registration and secondary household registration. The former can not coexist compatible with each other, but it can be superimposed on it. Some of the latter belong to the service registration, others have nothing to do with corvee, they are compiled on the basis of the basic household registration, so they can coexist with the basic household registration, and a secondary household registration often contains several kinds of basic household registration. Although there is no relationship between service and occupation, there is no direct correspondence.
【作者单位】：北京行政学院校刊编辑部;
【分类号】：K248;D691

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