元代国子监研究

发布时间：2019-06-13 08:27

【摘要】： 本文从纵横两个角度论述了元代国子监的发展。纵向研究以时间为顺序，论述了大蒙古国时期国子学的创办与发展和元朝蒙古国子监、国子监和回回国子监的设置与发展，从总体上展示了元代国子监的演变轨迹。围绕着办学宗旨问题，大蒙古国国子学经历了由文字教育向儒学教育的转变。这是蒙古统治者在办学问题上与汉人儒士的第一次冲突。但这并不说明蒙古统治者就承认了尊孔崇儒代表着国家教育的正统。忽必烈一旦登基汗位并建立元朝，其文治方针便显现出树立蒙古文化正统地位的倾向。汉人儒士为维护汉法和争取儒治，也在努力弘扬儒学。色目贵族则为了显示其政治地位，也绝不放弃在教育上的一席地位。多元政治势力的较量，是促成元代蒙古国子监、国子监和回回国子监三元并存教育体制产生和发展的根本原因。横向研究以专题为纲目，着重对元代国子监的人物、办学模式和管理制度的发展进行了探讨，以揭示元代国子监的办学特色，及其在中国古代教育发展进程中的地位。元代国子监职官为争得国家教育正统地位，，以弘扬儒学推进儒治为己任，表现出了卫道守道的教育热情。他们借鉴宋代教育成果，将程朱理学引进国子学，建立了升斋积分制，使元代国子监的管理水平达到了历史新高度。其中的许多制度深刻地影响了明清国子监的发展。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the development of Guozi Supervision in Yuan Dynasty from both vertical and horizontal angles. In the order of time, the longitudinal study discusses the establishment and development of Guozi study in the period of Great Mongolia and the establishment and development of ancient Guozi Supervision, Guozi Supervision and Hui Guozi Supervision in Yuan Dynasty, and shows the track of the evolution and change of Guozi Supervision in Yuan Dynasty as a whole. Focusing on the purpose of running a school, the Chinese study of Great Mongolia has experienced the transformation from character education to Confucianism education. This is the first conflict between Mongolian rulers and Han Confucianism on the issue of running a school. But this does not mean that the ancient rulers recognized that respecting Confucius and advocating Confucianism represented the orthodoxy of national education. Once Hu Bilie ascended the throne and established the Yuan Dynasty, his policy of cultural governance showed the tendency to establish the orthodox position of Mongolian culture. In order to safeguard Han law and strive for Confucian rule, Han Confucian scholars are also trying to carry forward Confucianism. In order to show their political status, the color aristocrats will never give up their position in education. The contest of pluralistic political forces was the fundamental reason for the emergence and development of the ternary education system of Mongolian State Supervision, State son Supervision and Hui State Supervision in Yuan Dynasty. Taking the special topic as the outline, the horizontal study focuses on the development of the characters, the mode of running a school and the management system of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to reveal the characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty's national supervision and its position in the process of the development of ancient Chinese education. In order to gain the orthodox position of national education and carry forward Confucianism and promote the rule of Confucianism as his own duty, the supervisor of the Yuan Dynasty showed the educational enthusiasm of defending the Tao and keeping the Tao. They drew lessons from the educational achievements of the Song Dynasty, introduced Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism into Guozi Studies, and established the Shengzhai integral system, which made the management level of the Yuan Dynasty State and son Supervision reach a new historical height. Many of these systems had a profound impact on the development of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：K247

【引证文献】