康熙时期山西吏治初探

发布时间：2019-06-19 19:55

【摘要】： 吏治的好坏与人心向背、国家兴衰息息相关,历代统治者都视其为治理国家的重要任务。山西省军事战略地位十分重要,是历史上最容易发生社会动乱的地区之一,其兴衰治乱对整个西北部乃至全国的局势都会产生重要影响。因此,对山西的严加管理是清初统治者治理天下由乱到治过程中特别重视的一环。明末清初,山西境内战乱不止,从反明抗清到清廷最终血腥镇压各股反政府武装,数十年间,山西社会一片混乱,局势动荡不堪。加上这里恶劣的自然条件,山多水少,土地硗瘠,灾荒频发,清初的山西可以说是千疮百孔,满目疮痍。康熙时期,山西刚从动乱中走出,各种社会问题累积,吏治便是其中之一。钱粮亏空,科派增多,官贪吏虐、玩忽职守等问题严重,对百姓的生活、社会的稳定等造成了不良影响,严重阻碍了经济的恢复和发展。基于此,康熙帝通过清查钱粮、严禁科派、积极救灾、安抚民众等措施大力整顿,同时注重官僚队伍建设,惩治了一批贪官污吏,使山西吏治在一定程度上有所改观。康熙帝的吏治整顿,在政治上和经济上取得了一定成效,清初社会动荡、经济凋敝的状况得到了一定改善,社会秩序逐渐稳定,经济逐步恢复和发展,人民生活趋向安定。这也为他的后继者——雍正帝的统治大业奠定了良好基础。但是,由于康熙帝对现状的满足,在其统治后期,为政主“宽仁”,放松了对官员的督察,从而出现了吏治每况愈下之势。所以,在为后世奠定基础之余,也遗留下很多陈规陋习,成为难以根除的吏治问题。从整体上说,康熙帝对山西吏治整顿倾注了一定心血,基本改变了清初山西的面貌。康熙帝在当时能取得如此成效,实属不易。
[Abstract]:The quality of official administration is closely related to the hearts and minds of people, and the rise and fall of the country is closely related to the rise and fall of the country. The rulers of the past dynasties regard it as an important task of governing the country. The military strategic position of Shanxi Province is very important, and it is one of the most prone areas in the history of social unrest. Its rise and fall will have an important impact on the situation in the whole northwest and even the whole country. Therefore, the strict management of Shanxi was a part of the ruler's special attention in the process of governing the world from chaos to governance in the early Qing Dynasty. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there was a lot of war in Shanxi, from the anti-Ming and Qing dynasties to the Qing Dynasty. During the decades, Shanxi society was in chaos and the situation was in turmoil. In addition, the harsh natural conditions here, more mountains and less water, barren land, frequent disasters, Shanxi in the early Qing Dynasty can be said to be riddled with holes and devastated. During the Kangxi period, Shanxi just came out of the turmoil, and all kinds of social problems accumulated, and the official administration was one of them. The shortage of money and grain, the increase of science and technology, the abuse of officials and officials, and neglect of duty have had a negative impact on the lives of the people and social stability, and have seriously hindered the recovery and development of the economy. Based on this, Emperor Kangxi vigorously rectified the measures such as checking money and grain, strictly forbidding science schools, actively providing disaster relief, appeasing the people, paying attention to the construction of bureaucracy, and punishing a number of corrupt officials, so that the administration of officials in Shanxi had been improved to a certain extent. Emperor Kangxi's rectification of officials has made certain achievements in politics and economy. In the early Qing Dynasty, the situation of social unrest and economic desolation was improved to a certain extent, the social order was gradually stable, the economy was gradually restored and developed, and the people's life tended to be stable. This also laid a good foundation for his successors, Emperor Yongzheng's great cause of rule. However, due to Emperor Kangxi's satisfaction with the status quo, in the later period of his rule, he relaxed the supervision of officials for the "leniency" of the rulers, and thus the official administration went from bad to worse. Therefore, in addition to laying the foundation for future generations, but also left behind a lot of stereotypical habits, become difficult to eradicate the problem of official administration. On the whole, Emperor Kangxi devoted some effort to the rectification of Shanxi officials and basically changed the face of Shanxi in the early Qing Dynasty. It was not easy for Emperor Kangxi to achieve such results at that time.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K249.2

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