何处是归程：民国都市独身女性研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 21:35

本文关键词：何处是归程：民国都市独身女性研究　出处：《上海师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：古往今来,婚姻始终是女性绕不开的一个话题。但自五四运动以来,抱独身主义的都市女性逐渐进入人们的视野。本文研究的独身女性主要分为两类,一类是接受过新式教育的知识女性,以从事革命、宗教、文学创作、教育、医师护士、律师、职员等事业为主,且不乏所举行业中的女性开创者和佼佼者,这一类独身女性占据着主要部分;还有一部分是活跃于电影、歌舞、话剧、戏曲等演艺娱乐业中的“摩登女郎”。无论属于哪一类,她们都是近代都市环境下孕育出来的特殊女性群体。那么,这些与传统伦理道德相悖的独身女性,应如何调试她们在主流社会中的身份认同,该以一种怎样的心态自处,这些都是值得探讨的问题。从近代都市环境为女性提供的经济条件、相对宽松的社会条件和经历新文化运动席卷之后崭新的思想伦理条件,可以看到近代独身女性与传统社会女性为守“贞操”所抱独身之间的区别。独身女性的形象建构有一个历史过程:五四时期的独身女性在文学作品中的形象多是激进明朗的,然而在五四风潮急流勇退之后,报章小说中的独身女性逐渐蜕变为惹人同情或供人揶揄讥讽的“老姑娘”。她们总是以性格孤僻、行为古怪的刻板印象出现,可知独身女性形象的演变,与妇女运动由高到低的走向有关。民国时期都市女性的独身现象尽管没有蔚然成风,但还是引发了外界舆论的喧嚣尘上,对于女性独身现象的鼓吹与现实之间存在着不小张力,独身主义论调因其“弹性”和传统伦理观念的强烈压力,始终难以在近代中国社会站稳脚跟。而一般来说,民国时期都市女性选择独身的原因首先是一种个人意愿,但传统家庭制度的束缚及社会两性关系不合理的现状也是独身女子渐趋增多的重要原因,对大多数职业女性而言,家庭和事业始终难以兼得。当然,不是每个抱独身主义的女性都会将这条路坚持到底,人生际遇或心态变迁都会使独身信念发生动摇,甚至因单调、压抑的禁欲生活而造成心理扭曲,但只要调适好心态,独身生活亦能丰富多彩。由于背离男婚女嫁的传统人伦观念,独身女性势必得不到主流社会的普遍谅解,抨击反对声浪远盖过同情赞成之声。本文借鉴社会性别理论和妇女心态史的研究方法,试图从女性主体和社会舆论两个话语体系出发,探讨民国时期都市独身女性的生存环境、独身原因、生活状态、心态体验、社会舆论等面向,最终试图解答这样一个问题,即独身是一种逃避还是反抗行为,近代独身女性能否被称作女性解放的表征之一。
[Abstract]:Through the ages, marriage has always been a topic that women can not get around. But since the May 4th Movement, the urban women with celibacy have gradually come into people's view. The single women studied in this paper are divided into two main categories. One is the educated women who have received a new type of education, mainly engaged in revolution, religion, literary creation, education, doctors and nurses, lawyers, staff, and so on, and there is no lack of female pioneers and leaders in the industries mentioned above. This category of celibate women occupy the main part; Others are "modern girls" who are active in film, song and dance, drama, opera, and other performing arts and entertainment. Either way, they are a special group of women born out of the modern urban environment. How to debug their identity in the mainstream society and what kind of mentality should be adopted by these celibate women who are contrary to the traditional ethics and morality. From the modern urban environment to provide women with economic conditions, relatively loose social conditions and experienced the new cultural movement swept through the new ideological and ethical conditions. We can see the difference between modern celibate women and traditional society women holding celibacy in keeping "virginity". The image construction of celibate women has a historical process:. The images of celibate women in the May 4th period are radical and clear. However, after the May 4th wave retreated, the single women in the newspaper novels gradually degenerated into "old girls" who were sympathetic or ridiculed. They always appeared in the stereotype of being eccentric and eccentric. It can be seen that the evolution of the image of celibate women is related to the movement of women from high to low. Although the phenomenon of celibacy of urban women in the Republic of China did not become popular, it still triggered the uproar of public opinion. There is no small tension between the advocacy of female celibacy and reality. Celibacy is due to its "elasticity" and the intense pressure of traditional ethics. It has always been difficult to establish a firm foothold in modern Chinese society. Generally speaking, the reason why urban women chose celibacy during the period of the Republic of China was above all a kind of personal will. However, the bondage of the traditional family system and the unreasonable social gender relations are also the important reasons for the increasing number of single women. For most professional women, family and career are always difficult to have. Of course. Not every celibacy woman will stick to the road to the end, life experience or changes in mentality will make single beliefs shake, or even because of monotonous, depressed abstinence and cause psychological distortion. However, as long as the adjustment of good mentality, single life can be rich and colorful. Because of the departure from the traditional concept of marriage and marriage, single women will not get the general understanding of the mainstream society. The thesis draws lessons from the research methods of gender theory and the history of women's mentality and tries to proceed from the two discourse systems of female subject and public opinion. This paper discusses the living environment, the reason of celibacy, the state of life, the psychological experience, the public opinion and so on, and finally tries to answer the question that celibacy is a kind of behavior of escape or revolt. Can modern celibate women be called one of the symbols of female liberation?
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K258

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