生产与生活：1958-1961年的上海里弄食堂

发布时间：2018-01-16 04:21

本文关键词：生产与生活：1958-1961年的上海里弄食堂　出处：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大跃进的发动不仅仅影响到农村,同时其影响力也扩大到大城市上海。1958年9月“七一”人民公社开始,人民公社逐渐增加的同时公共食堂也随之增加。然而兴办公共食堂不久之后,就露出多方面弊端,尤其里弄食堂,譬如经营、管理、食堂设备等方面的问题,导致里弄食堂数显现一度下降的趋势。 1959年庐山会议以后受到反右斗争和左倾思想的影响中共的政策发生重大改变。日益减少的公共食堂数也在会议以后突然猛增。对于这种现象以往的学者通常以左倾思想来解释。然而里弄食堂数量逐渐增加,工厂食堂数量反而显现下降的趋势。之前在工厂吃饭的工人们都开始去里弄食堂吃饭。假设受到左倾思想的影响,为什么比里弄食堂设备齐全而饭菜质量优良的工厂食堂都关闭了呢?可见单纯依靠意识形态没法解释这个事实。 1959年至61年的大饥荒时期,上海也受到巨大影响。对于实行粮食统制和节约政策的上海是很关键的历史时期。因此饭票制度、副食品票证制度、控制农村人口的进城、精简工厂的临时员工等一系列政策被推行,以来缓解上海的粮食紧张。在这样的情况下,虽然工厂食堂具有比里弄食堂设备、条件上的优势,但因为工厂本身的特点(夜餐饭、临时工、行政、关系方面等)出现了非常严重的食物浪费现象。因此工厂食堂逐渐关闭,把职工吃饭的问题推向里弄食堂。本质性的问题并未得到解决,而只是采取‘踢皮球’的方式向里弄食堂施添加压力。这种局势一直维持到大饥荒的结束。创办公共食堂的作用是弥补大跃进初期劳动力的不足,具有社会主义的标志性意义。然而1959-61年,大饥荒时期公共食堂的作用具有缓解当时粮食紧张压力的意义。
[Abstract]:The launch of the Great Leap forward not only affected the countryside, but also extended its influence to the big city of Shanghai. In September 1958, the people's Commune of July 1st began. The people's commune gradually increased at the same time the public canteen also increased. However, shortly after the establishment of the public canteen, it revealed many drawbacks, especially the Lilong canteen, such as management, management, canteen equipment and other aspects of the problem. As a result of the Lilong canteen number once showed a downward trend. In 1959, the Lushan conference was influenced by the anti-right struggle and the left-leaning ideology. The number of public canteens suddenly soared after the meeting. For the former scholars of this phenomenon, the number of public canteens suddenly soared after the meeting. This is usually explained by left-leaning thinking. However, the number of canteens in Lilong has gradually increased. Instead, the number of factory canteens has shown a downward trend. Workers who had previously eaten in factories began to eat in the canteens. Suppose they were influenced by left-leaning thinking. Why are all the factory canteens that are better equipped and of good food quality closed than those in the Lilun canteen? We can see that ideology alone cannot explain this fact. During the famine period from 1959 to 61, Shanghai was also greatly affected. It was a crucial historical period for Shanghai to implement grain control and economy policy. Therefore, the rice ticket system and the non-staple food ticket system. A series of policies, such as controlling the rural population entering the city and streamlining temporary workers in factories, have been implemented to ease food tensions in Shanghai. In such cases, although the factory canteen has more facilities than the Lilong canteen. The advantages of conditions, but due to the plant's own characteristics (night meal, temporary workers, administration, relations, etc.) there is a very serious food waste phenomenon. So the factory canteen gradually closed. Push the problem of employees' meals to the dining-room. The essential problem has not been solved. Instead, it was' kicking the ball'to put pressure on the Lilong canteen. The situation lasted until the end of the famine. The public canteen was created to make up for the labor shortage in the early years of the Great Leap forward. It has the iconic significance of socialism. However, in 1959-61, the role of public dining hall in the Great Famine period had the significance of relieving the pressure of food tension at that time.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K27

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