抗战初期苏联援华的“Z计划”及两次援华“低潮”研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 13:13

本文关键词： 抗日战争苏联援华 “Z计划” 援助“低潮”　出处：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：抗日战争全面爆发之后,中国军队及装备损失严重,国民政府随即向苏美英法等大国寻求帮助,希望它们能提供各类武器装备,但只有苏联积极表态,许以用贷款方式向中国供应军事物资和人力支持。为确保安全,抗战初期包括运输军事物资和派遣所需人员在内的整个援华行动均是在代号“Z计划”的指导下进行的,伏罗希洛夫任援华行动总负责人,并由“Z小组”主持与之相关的所有工作。为向中国提供物资及人力援助,苏联于1937年底紧急开通萨雷奥泽克至兰州的西北公路线和阿拉木图至兰州的航空路线。上述起自苏联、跨越新疆全部与甘肃大部的公路和航空运输在执行“Z计划”的过程中发挥了重要作用,但人员及物资损失严重,充满艰辛。苏联援华过程中,分别在1939年底和1941年3月减少乃至中止了对华援助,出现了两次“低潮”。与苏联相关的欧亚两洲国际形势以及苏与德、日两国的关系变化是导致“低潮”出现的主要原因,其中《苏德互不侵犯条约》、《苏日中立条约》和两次苏日边界冲突在其中起到关键作用。抗战初期的苏联援华行动对于中国整个抗日战争发挥了颇为积极的作用,但仍有必要对苏联援华政策的出发点进行反思。在对两次援华“低潮”的出现原因进行研究的过程中,不难发现,中国的抗战被苏联领导人视为牵制日军“北进”侵犯苏联的工具。因此,苏联向中国提供援助的出发点是欲借中国之力削弱日本而保护自身安全,而对华军援的中止原因是苏联出于自身安全和对日本关系的调整,而非卫国战争的开始或者中方的拒绝。
[Abstract]:After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Chinese army and equipment suffered serious losses, and the National Government immediately sought help from the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, France, and other big countries, hoping that they would provide all kinds of weapons and equipment, but only the Soviet Union had taken a positive stance. It is permitted to supply China with military supplies and human support by means of loans to ensure security. At the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan, the whole operation to assist China, including the transportation of military materials and the dispatch of personnel needed, was conducted under the guidance of the code name "Plan Z," and Vroxilov was in charge of the operation to assist China. And "Z Group" to lead all related work. To provide material and human assistance to China. The Soviet Union opened the north-west highway from Sareozek to Lanzhou on end of 1937 and the air route from Almaty to Lanzhou. Road and air transportation across Xinjiang and most parts of Gansu Province played an important role in the implementation of the "Z Plan," but the loss of personnel and materials was serious and full of hardships. In end of 1939 and March 1941 respectively, aid to China was reduced or even suspended, and there were two "lows". The international situation in Europe and Asia and Soviet Union and Germany were related to the Soviet Union. The change in the relations between Japan and Japan is the main cause of the "low tide", including the "Soviet-German Non-Aggression Treaty". The "Soviet-Japan neutrality Treaty" and the two Soviet-Japanese border conflicts played a key role in it, and the Soviet Union's assistance to China at the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japan played a quite positive role in the whole Chinese War of Resistance against Japan. However, it is still necessary to reflect on the starting point of the Soviet Union's policy of aiding China, and it is not difficult to find out in the process of studying the causes of the "low tide" of the two times of aid to China. China's anti-Japanese war was seen by Soviet leaders as a tool to stop the Japanese army from "moving northward" and invade the Soviet Union. Therefore, the Soviet Union's aid to China was intended to weaken Japan and protect its own security. The reason for the suspension of Chinese military aid was the Soviet Union's adjustment of its own security and relations with Japan, rather than the beginning of the Patriotic War or the refusal of the Chinese side.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265

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