南京市小学教师待遇研究（1927-1937）

发布时间：2018-02-01 22:52

本文关键词： 南京市小学教师待遇福利生活　出处：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自维新变法以来,中国近代教育开始萌芽,继而“教育救国”的理论成为知识分子救亡图存的一面令旗。教育不仅是有识之士重塑国民性格的一个重要环节,也是政府谋求社会稳定、经济发展的诉求。由于“教育救国”理念的浸润,小学教师待遇引起了时人的关注。南京国民政府建立伊始,即召开全国教育会议商讨教育事业的发展途径,在小学教师待遇方面也给予关注并制定了相关法律。然而,由于外忧内患的国情,加之一穷二白的经济基础,同时因为人为操作的漏洞,即便政府制定了详尽的法律,在实施环节还是遇到了困境,小学教师的待遇依旧得不到有效保障,即便是身为首都的南京市也不例外。本文以南京市区公办小学教师的待遇为研究对象,考察南京小学教师待遇的具体情况,以及待遇对教师生活和教育发展的影响。本文分为三部分,由浅及深、自宏观到微观、从理论到实践的论述南京小学教师的待遇问题。首先,通过文本展示近代中国小学教师待遇的发展状况,并详细论述南京市小学教师待遇的法律制定过程。透过对文本的解读发现,在制度规定上小学教师待遇稳步提高,不仅在薪金水平上实现了制度化管理,而且其他各项福利也被提上了日程。法律文本只能作为考察教师待遇的一个参考,在具体实施过程中还受各方面因素的掣肘,所以接下来考察了南京市小学教师的实际待遇。分纵向和横向两个维度考察,纵向主要是从政策执行的角度分析南京市小学教师待遇法律规定与实施现状之间的实际差距,横向主要把南京市小学教师的待遇与全国其他地区小学教师待遇比较,并与南京市其他职业者相比较,最后得出结论,即南京市小学教师在经济上处于社会中下层的结论。为了说明教师待遇对生活及教育发展的影响,具体考察了南京市小学教师生活的恩格尔系数,并运用社会分层的理论给予南京市小学教师以社会定位,最后运用心理分析的方法,描绘了南京市小学教师的精神生活。通过分析发现,南京市小学教师仅仅能够达到温饱水平,社会地位相对较低,因此导致小学教师对自身价值发生质疑,以致出现改业等现象,从而影响教育事业的长足进步。最后把南京市小学待遇放在民国社会大背景中,并结合南京市特殊的社会情境,做因地因时的定位,揭示教育近代化过程中遇到的困境与解决的途径。为当今基础教育的开展提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Since the reform of the reform, Chinese modern education began to sprout, and then the theory of "education to save the nation" became a banner for intellectuals to save the nation. Education is not only an important link for the people of insight to rebuild their national character. It is also the government's pursuit of social stability and economic development. Due to the infiltration of the concept of "education to save the nation", the treatment of primary school teachers aroused the attention of the time. The Nanjing National Government began to hold a national education conference to discuss the development of education. Pay attention to the treatment of primary school teachers and have made relevant laws. However, due to the external and internal conditions, coupled with a poor economic foundation, but also because of the loopholes in human operation. Even if the government enacted detailed laws, the implementation of the difficulties, primary school teachers still do not receive effective protection, even as the capital city of Nanjing is no exception. This paper takes the treatment of teachers in public primary schools in Nanjing urban area as the research object, and investigates the concrete situation of the treatment of teachers in Nanjing primary schools and the influence of the treatment on teachers' life and the development of education. This paper is divided into three parts, which are shallow and deep. From macro to micro, from theory to practice, this paper discusses the treatment of Nanjing primary school teachers. First of all, through the text to show the development of the treatment of primary school teachers in modern China, and elaborate on the Nanjing City primary school teachers' treatment of the legal process. Through the interpretation of the text found. The salary of primary school teachers has been improved steadily, not only the salary level has been institutionalized, but also other benefits have been put on the agenda. The legal text can only be used as a reference to investigate the treatment of teachers, and it is also restricted by various factors in the concrete implementation process. Therefore, the actual treatment of primary school teachers in Nanjing is investigated. It is divided into two dimensions: vertical and horizontal. Longitudinal is mainly from the perspective of policy implementation analysis of Nanjing primary school teachers treatment between the legal provisions and implementation of the actual gap between the status quo. Horizontal primary school teachers in Nanjing and the treatment of primary school teachers in other regions of the country, and compared with other professionals in Nanjing, finally reached a conclusion. That is, Nanjing primary school teachers in the economic middle and lower levels of the conclusion. In order to explain the influence of teachers' treatment on the development of life and education, the Engel's coefficient of primary school teachers' life in Nanjing is investigated in detail, and the social orientation of primary school teachers in Nanjing is given by the theory of social stratification. Finally, using the method of psychological analysis, describes the mental life of primary school teachers in Nanjing. Through the analysis, it is found that primary school teachers in Nanjing can only reach the level of food and clothing, and their social status is relatively low. As a result, primary school teachers question their own value and change their profession, which affects the great progress of education. Finally, the treatment of primary school in Nanjing in the context of the Republic of China society, and combined with the special social situation in Nanjing, to do the location of the time of cause. This paper reveals the difficulties encountered in the process of educational modernization and the ways to solve them, which can be used for reference in the development of basic education today.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K263;G629.29

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