文人与企业：商务印书馆与中华书局在民初的竞争与合作

发布时间：2018-02-09 12:44

本文关键词： 商务印书馆中华书局文人企业　出处：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：晚清国内的出版业主要集中于教会和官书局,旧式书业虽在出版西书、通俗文学方面有所发展,但仍旧保持着传统的书业模式。甲午战败,国人震惊,尤其是开明的官僚、士绅及各地读书人,他们倡言革新、传播新学。戊戌之间,出现许多以出版西学、时务书籍的新书局,它们成为近代民营出版业的重要组成部分。商务印书馆是其中最成功的例子,它成功地将西方的近代企业制度与知识人的学识和人际关系相结合,成为清末国内最大的民营出版机构。民国元年,商务印书馆遇到了第一个必须正视的竞争者——中华书局。中华书局成功地抓住政体变更的机遇,迅速推出适合革命后潮流的教科书,建立经销网络,在教科书、普通图书、杂志、印刷等各个方面与商务进行竞争。商务以其原创性的选题、雄厚的资本、编辑力量始终稳居第一。但中华汲取商务的成功经验并加以创新,占据了相当一部分的市场份额。这个过程自有其独特之处,它将企业的盈利性与知识分子的文化关怀相互杂糅。两家虽然彼此对立,其文化关怀都指向“救国”。立宪、共和,科技、文学……饱含着近代化的思想随着两家的销售网络流转全国。 1917年,中华因扩展过快导致资金周转失灵,不得已和商务进行了长达一年漫长而艰难的谈判。商务因过度慎重而犹豫不决,中华认为商务开出的条件过于苛刻,两家合并的谈判无言而终。之后,中华收回自办,经过约一年的整顿,1920年经营情形开始好转。之后,两家书局一起投入新文化运动的浪潮中。从旧式书业到教会出版机构、官书局,再到商务、中华,进而五四之后世界、大东、开明等书局,尤其是20世纪30年代上海福州路上书局林立的繁盛局面,都与商务、中华的创立与发展息息相关。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, the publishing industry mainly concentrated on the churches and official bookstores. Although the old-style book industry published western books and developed popular literature, it still maintained the traditional model of the book industry. The defeat of the Sino-Japanese War shocked the people of the country, especially the enlightened bureaucrats. The gentry and readers from all over the world advocated innovation and dissemination of new learning. During the period of 1898, there were many new bookstores that published books on Western learning and time affairs. They became an important part of the modern private publishing industry, and the commercial press was the most successful example, which successfully combined the western modern enterprise system with the knowledge and interpersonal relationships of the intellectual people. To become the largest private publishing organization in the late Qing Dynasty. In the first year of the Republic of China, the Commercial Press encountered the first contender that must be faced up to, the Chinese Book Company, which successfully seized the opportunity of regime change and quickly introduced textbooks suitable for the post-revolutionary trend and established a distribution network in textbooks. Ordinary books, magazines, printing and other aspects of competition with business. Business with its original topics, strong capital, editorial power has always been the first. But China learned from the successful business experience and innovation, This process is unique in that it mixes the profit-making of enterprises with the cultural concern of intellectuals. Although the two schools are opposed to each other, their cultural concerns point to "saving the country". Science and technology, literature. Full of modern ideas with the two sales network circulation throughout the country. In 1917, China had to engage in a year of long and difficult negotiations with business because its expansion was too fast, resulting in a cash flow failure. Business was hesitant because of excessive prudence, and China considered the terms of business to be too harsh. After about a year of consolidation, business began to improve in 1920. After that, the two bookstores joined in the wave of the New Culture Movement. From the old book industry to the church publishing institutions, the official bookstores, the commerce, China, and then the world after the May 4th Movement, the great east, the enlightened and so on, especially in 1930s, the flourishing situation of the Fuzhou Road bookstores in Shanghai was all related to business. The founding of China is closely related to its development.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F279.29;G239.29;K258

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