近代兴安盟地区土地问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 19:11

本文关键词： 近代兴安盟地区土地问题　出处：《内蒙古大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文要论述的兴安盟地区主指清代哲里木盟科尔沁右翼前、中、后三旗和扎赉特旗。其大致地域包括今兴安盟全境、吉林省白城市全部(即洮北区、大安市、洮南市、镇赉县、通榆县)、黑龙江省龙江县景星镇、泰来县大部。文中近代指晚清至解放战争这一段时间。论文首次较系统利用日文史料和区、盟、旗三级档案,梳理兴安盟地区清末民初开垦、日本侵占时期的土地调整和解放战争期间的土地改革全过程。对该地区近百年人口、产业和土地关系变迁作连续观察,分析总结由此产生的土地诸问题。全文由前言、正文、结语、参考文献、附录五个部分组成。前言介绍选题目的意义、前人研究概况、主要史料、研究方法和主要突破等。结语总结全文,提出自己的观点。第一章：根据扎萨克的旗内领主权和清朝最高土地处置权的表达方式,提出旗地所有权的模糊特点与总有性质。对清代哲里木盟各旗内部社会组织进行分析后得出努图克所分领的牧场(即小领地)是旗内主要土地形态的结论,并列举了部分特殊土地形态。第二章：梳理清末私垦、官垦与设治过程。官垦中,一方面否定了外旗私垦移民已经拥有的土地权利,另一方面对原住旗民酌留生计地。本章还探讨了汉族移民的价领土地程序和村落化情况。第三章：民国初期,四旗境内继续开垦,设治日趋完善。与此同时,原住旗民转让放垦设治地区的生计地、留界地后,纷纷迁入旗北部进行私垦,初步形成租佃、雇佣关系。本章对四旗设立的地局和征收蒙租情况分析后得出蒙租占当地农民全年收入2%的结论。第四章：日伪当局对蒙地政策进行调整,完成“蒙地奉上”,并在四旗内进行掠夺性土地经营。重点总结由此形成的复杂土地形态和占有问题,提出大土地小农式经营观点。第五章：中共中央颁布“五四指示”后,中共中央东北局从国内局势和东部内蒙古特殊情况出发,制定并执行反蒋民族统一战线政策。其主要内容是：政治上清算蒙奸、恶霸、土匪、蒋特,经济上推行以调剂土地使用权为目的的互助运动。1947年8月,落实中共中央“五四指示”精神,开始进行全面清算分地。第六章：1947年11月,兴安盟召开群众工作作会议,决定基本执行《中国土地法大纲》规定的消灭封建、平分土地精神。尽管制定和修改了部分“补充办法”,均未获批准,也未执行。各地跟进外地经验,在短暂三月内完成平分土地,产生了不少问题。按着中共中央、东北局指示进行重划阶级缩小打击面,并从9月开始全面纠偏补偿。以往研究中多引用各种版本的“补充办法”和哈尔滨会议相关报告作肯定评价,本文对此提出异议,并举证否定。附录由四个部分组成。主要是各种版本的所谓“补充办法”原文以及乌兰夫在哈尔滨干部会议上的报告提纲和高岗讲话中经常被引用的主要条款。
[Abstract]:The main points of this paper are: before, middle and back three banners of Horqin right flank and Zhalai Special Banner in Chellimu League in Qing Dynasty. The general regions include the whole territory of XingUNITA and all the cities of Baicheng in Jilin Province (that is, Taobei District, Da'an City, Taonan City, Zhenlai County). Tongyu County, Longjiang County, Heilongjiang Province Jingxing Town, Tailai County, most of the text refers to the period of the late Qing Dynasty to the War of Liberation. For the first time, the paper systematically uses Japanese historical data and historical data, league and flag archives to sort out the whole process of land adjustment and land reform during the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China in XingUNITA area, and the land reform in the period of the War of Liberation. The changes of industry and land relations are observed continuously, and the land problems arising therefrom are analyzed and summarized. The paper consists of five parts: foreword, text, conclusion, reference and appendix. The preface introduces the purpose and significance of the topic, the general situation of previous studies, the main historical data, the research methods and the main breakthroughs. The conclusion summarizes the full text and puts forward its own views. Chapter one: according to the expression of Zasak's internal sovereignty and the highest land disposal power in the Qing Dynasty, Based on the analysis of the social organizations inside the flag of the Chellimu League in the Qing Dynasty, it is concluded that the pasture (that is, the small territory) of Nutuk is the main land form in the flag. Some special land forms are listed. Chapter two: combing the process of private reclamation, official reclamation and administration in the late Qing Dynasty. In the process of official reclamation, on the one hand, it negates the land rights already owned by immigrants from the foreign flag. On the other hand, this chapter also discusses the procedure of land price and the situation of villagization of Han nationality immigrants. Chapter three: in the early period of the Republic of China, the land within the four banners continued to be reclaimed, and the establishment and administration became more and more perfect. At the same time, the original residents of the flag transferred the livelihood areas of the areas where the land was reclaimed and set aside the land, and one after another moved to the northern part of the flag for private reclamation, thus initially forming a tenancy. This chapter analyzes the land bureau set up by the four banners and the situation of the collection of Mongolian rent and draws the conclusion that Mongolian rent accounts for 2% of the annual income of local farmers. Chapter 4th: the Japanese and puppet authorities adjust the policy of the Mongolian land, complete the "offering of the Mongolian land", and conduct predatory land management in the four banners. The paper summarizes the complex land form and the problem of occupation, and puts forward the viewpoint of the management of large land and small farmers. Chapter 5th: after the promulgation of the May 4th Directive by the CPC Central Committee, the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee formulated and implemented a United front policy against Chiang Kai-shek from the perspective of the domestic situation and the special conditions of Inner Mongolia in the east. Bullies, bandits, and Chiang Tei, economically promoting a mutual aid movement aimed at regulating land use rights. In August 1947, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China implemented the spirit of the May 4th Directive and began to carry out a comprehensive settlement of land allocation. Chapter 6th: in November 1947, XingUNITA convened a meeting of the masses and decided to basically implement the provisions of the outline of the Chinese Land Law to eliminate feudalism and divide the land equally. Despite the formulation and revision of some of the Supplementary measures, none of them was approved. It was also not carried out. All localities followed up on the experience of other countries, and in a short period of March, they completed the equal distribution of land, which created many problems. According to the instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the Northeast Bureau, the class was reclassified to reduce the impact. Since September, the compensation has been completely rectified. In the past studies, various versions of "supplementary methods" and reports of Harbin Conference were cited for positive evaluation. This paper disagrees with this, and proves that it is negative. The appendix is composed of four parts. It is mainly the original text of various versions of the so-called "supplementary measures" and the main clauses frequently cited by Ulanhu in the outline of the report at the Harbin cadres' Conference and the speech by Gao Gang.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K25;F321.1

【参考文献】