解放与塑造：国民党的“三八”妇女节纪念（1924-1945）

发布时间：2018-03-01 10:01

本文关键词： “三八”妇女节国民党解放塑造　出处：《华中师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以1924年到1945年间的国民党主导下的国际妇女节纪念活动为中心,研究国民党主导三八妇女节活动的具体运作过程,并从中了解国民党在对于妇女运动的潜移默化的渗透,以树立党和国家的权威。“三八”妇女节来源于19世纪末20世纪初西方民众争取权利而举行的罢工斗争,传入中国是在国民革命时期,正值第一次国共合作时期。1924年-1927年国民党主导的妇女节纪念活动,为了吸引妇女对国民的同情以及对国民革命的支持,妇女节纪念活动的主调,转变为以国民党政治纲领为依托,将妇女解放与参与国民革命联结在一起,号召妇女要得到解放必须通过实际行动参加革命,打倒帝国主义和军阀,支持国民革命,才能完成妇女解放的目标。南京国民政府的成立,并且在形式上实现了国家的统一,国民党掌握了国家机器,为了巩固国家的发展,曾经蓬勃发展的民众运动被纳入到自己控制范围内,妇女群众运动力量被限制在国民党能够容忍的范围内,而不至于影响甚至动摇其统治。1928-1937年间妇女节纪念活动,国民党对妇女的政策内涵,主要是培养“母性”,但是国民党要培养的妇女并不只是宜室宜家的贤妻良母,而是“入可治理家事,出可服务社会”的时代新女性。在活动纪念中强调妇女应该和男子一样尽国民应尽的义务和责任,把这些妇女塑造为国家所需要的健全的国民。国民党在节日当天对妇女进行直接的政治教育,让妇女意识到自身对于国家崛起、民族复兴需要承担的责任。抗战爆发后,抗日救国成了抗战时期妇女节的主题,因此妇女节所体现的革命性、政治性再次突显。在1937-1945年间的妇女节纪念活动宣传上,国民党希望塑造的妇女形象是双重的。一方面妇女被塑造成与男性一样的革命战士,与男性一起承担作为国民的义务,另一方面在妇女节上动员妇女过程中,国民党再次强调妇女“贤妻良母”的特质,说服女性扮演好“贤妻良母”的角色,妇女依然要担当着传统家庭贤妻良母的角色。国民党掌控妇女节纪念活动,作为表达其政治利益诉求的重要内容,以国家民族利益为导向,将妇女力量变成为其争取国家领导权、建国、抵抗侵略等活动的支持力量,妇女节纪念主题伴随国民党统治各时期的政治目标而改变。国民党透过纪念活动对妇女进行政治教育,并把妇女塑造成为符合国家需要的女性,展现了国民党在纪念活动背后显示的分歧与困境。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the International International Working Women's Day Memorial activities under the leadership of the Kuomintang from 1924 to 1945, and studies the concrete operation process of the KMT's activities leading to the March 8 International Working Women's Day movement, and from this, it finds out the imperceptible infiltration of the KMT to the women's movement. In order to establish the authority of the Party and the state, "8 March" International Working Women's Day originated from the strike struggle for the rights of the western people held in late 19th century and early 20th century, which was introduced into China during the period of the National Revolution. During the first period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. From 1924 to 1927, the KMT led the commemoration of International Working Women's Day. In order to attract women's sympathy for the people and support for the national revolution, International Working Women's Day's commemorative activities were the main theme. The transformation was based on the Kuomintang's political platform, linking the emancipation of women with their participation in the national revolution and calling on women to participate in the revolution through practical action to overthrow imperialism and warlords and to support the national revolution if they wanted to be liberated. In order to achieve the goal of women's liberation, the establishment of the Nanjing National Government and the formal reunification of the country, the Kuomintang took control of the national machinery in order to consolidate the country's development. Once thriving popular movements were brought under their control, and women's mass movements were confined to the limits that the KMT could tolerate, without affecting or even destabilizing International Working Women's Day's commemorative activities during the period from 1928 to 1937. The connotation of the KMT's policy towards women is mainly to cultivate "motherhood," but the women to be cultivated by the KMT are not only good wives and good mothers of IKEA, but "can manage family affairs." New women in the era of service to society... in commemoration of the event, it was emphasized that women should perform the duties and responsibilities of their citizens as well as those of men, To portray these women as the sound citizens needed by the country. The Kuomintang carried out direct political education for women on the holiday day to make women aware of their responsibility for the rise of the country and the national rejuvenation. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, During the War of Resistance against Japan, saving the nation became the theme of International Working Women's Day. Therefore, the revolutionary and political features embodied by International Working Women's Day were once again highlighted. The image of women that the Kuomintang wants to create is twofold. On the one hand, women are portrayed as revolutionary fighters like men, and together with men they assume the duty of being a nation; on the other hand, in the process of mobilizing women on International Working Women's Day, The KMT once again stressed the nature of women's "good wives and good mothers," and persuaded women to play the role of "good wives and good mothers." Women still had to play the role of good wives and good mothers of traditional families. As an important part of expressing their political interests, and guided by the interests of the nation and the nation, the women's power will be turned into a supporting force for them to fight for national leadership, to establish a state, to resist aggression, and so on. The theme of International Working Women's Day's commemoration was changed along with the political objectives of the various periods of Kuomintang rule. The Kuomintang carried out political education for women through commemorative activities and shaped women into women who were in line with the needs of the country. Show the Kuomintang behind the memorial activities show differences and difficulties.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K26;C913.68

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