法国与清末政局

发布时间：2018-03-04 15:18

本文选题：法国　切入点：清末政局　出处：《史林》2015年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：1901年《辛丑条约》签订后,法国作为在东亚和中国拥有巨大利益和影响的国家,如同其他列强一样,对清末政局的演变给予了极大的关注并采取了相应的措施。对于孙中山领导的革命党人在西南和法属印度支那的活动,法国政府的态度以1907年底为界,经历了由此前的默许和容忍到与清政府合作镇压的转变过程。对于清廷朝政,法国驻华外交官并不看好,意识到清政府处于一个极大的社会危机和政治危机之中;另一方面鉴于革命党人的武装起义和各地的民变都被清政府镇压,又对清政府的统治抱有希望。但在武昌起义爆发后,法国政府很快意识到清政府大势已去,在革命党人和清政府之间保持中立,同时出于对革命党民族主义的恐惧,积极支持袁世凯上台执政,并在与其他列强保持合作的同时展开竞争,以便更好地维护和扩大法国在华权益与地位。清末政局的演变既是中国国内各种矛盾和斗争的产物,同时也强烈凸显了列强影响的痕迹。
[Abstract]:After the signing of the Treaty of Xin Chou in 1901, France, as a country with great interests and influence in East Asia and China, was like other powers. Great attention was paid to the evolution of the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty and corresponding measures were taken. The attitude of the French government to the activities of the revolutionaries led by Sun Zhongshan in the southwest and French Indochina was bounded by end of 1907. The French diplomats in China were not optimistic about the Qing Dynasty government and realized that the Qing government was in a great social and political crisis. On the other hand, given that the armed uprisings of the revolutionaries and the local uprisings were suppressed by the Qing government and that they had hope for the Qing government's rule, after the outbreak of the Wuchang uprising, the French government soon realized that the Qing government was gone. While remaining neutral between the revolutionaries and the Qing government, and out of fear of revolutionary party nationalism, they actively supported Yuan Shikai to take power and to compete while maintaining cooperation with other powers. In order to better safeguard and expand France's rights and interests and status in China, the evolution of the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty was not only the product of various contradictions and struggles in China, but also strongly highlighted the traces of the influence of foreign powers.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院近代史研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“晚清中法政治关系研究(1840—1911)”(08BZS038)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K257

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