战后舆论与国民党在大陆失败的研究（1945-1949）

发布时间：2018-03-08 20:41

  本文选题：战后　切入点：舆论宣传　出处：《上海大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：抗战胜利后,中国面临着光明还是黑暗、进步还是倒退两种命运、两种前途的抉择。面对中国向何处去,代表不同阶级利益的国民党和共产党作出了完全相反的选择。重庆谈判、军事调处和中间势力的斡旋未能改变各自的政治立场,最终导致战场上的兵戎相见。在国共政争的过程中,两党在军事战场的较量之外还进行着激烈的宣传战较量,并对战后政局产生了深远影响。舆论宣传是国共两党对外宣示本党理念、方针和政策,打击对手和争取民心的重要手段。善用舆论宣传能争取民心,增加政权的合法性基础,并在一定程度上配合和推动军事斗争的进程。否则,便会向相反的方向发展。在战后国共舆论斗争中,中共主动调整宣传体制,始终坚持党对舆论宣传的领导,实事求是,密切联系群众,根据不同阶段的战略目标制定相应的宣传内容和策略。中共正是通过灵活的宣传战术和对国民党舆论的反击,一方面赢得了民心,获得广大民众的一致支持,有力地配合了军事斗争的开展,取得解放战争的胜利;另一方面也分化了国民党的军心和民心,使其最终不敌中共的政治和军事攻势,输掉了战争和大陆政权。反观国民党,面对中共凌厉的宣传攻势,国民党党营新闻体系无法做出有力的反击。“以党治报”的新闻统制政策和国民党高层的过多干预,使舆论宣传呆板保守,严重影响到宣传的效果;对中共的诋毁和军事上的虚假宣传,使国民党丧失公信力;未能有效地动员和发动群众,又失去民众的支持。国民党就在政治、军事和舆论宣传都难以与中共抗衡的情况下,颓势无力挽回,最终丢掉大陆政权。而以“中立”自居,幻想走“中间道路”的中间势力,战后主张和平民主,反对内战。但随着国民党执意发动全面内战,在国统区实施恐怖统治,特别是变本加厉地对其实施政治迫害后,中间势力审时度势,最终集体转向共产党,成为历史的必然。当然,我们必须认识到,舆论宣传对战后国共政争的影响只是间接被动的,中共最后取代国民党在大陆的统治主要还是“枪杆子”起的作用。同样,国民党的舆论宣传在其大陆败亡的过程中也并不起决定作用,军事上的失败才是最主要原因,舆论宣传的失利只是反映、并加速了这个败亡的进程而已。
[Abstract]:After the war, China facing the dark or light, progress or retrogression of two kinds of fate, two promising choice. In the face of where to Chinese to represent the different class interests of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has made the opposite choice. The Chongqing negotiations, mediation and mediation to military forces among the respective changes of political position. The final result on the battlefield. In the process of the meet on the battleground of political struggle in the party in addition to the military battlefield struggle has a fierce propaganda contest, which exerted a far-reaching influence on the post-war politics. Public opinion is the two Party Declaration of the party concept, principles and policies, an important means to combat the opponent and win the hearts of the people the use of propaganda. To win the hearts of the people, increase the legitimacy of the regime, and to support and promote the process of military struggle in a certain extent. Otherwise, it will develop in the opposite direction after the war. The public opinion in the struggle, the initiative to adjust the propaganda system, always adhere to the leadership of the party, the publicity seeking truth from facts, in close contact with the masses, to develop appropriate publicity content and strategy of strategic goals in different stages. The CPC is through flexible promotion tactics and counter to national party opinion, on the one hand, won the support of the people, to get the unanimous support of the masses, with a strong military struggle, achieved the victory of the war of liberation; on the other hand also divided the Kuomintang morale and morale, the final defeat of the Communist Party of China's political and military offensive, the battle was lost and the mainland regime. In the Kuomintang, the Communist Party of China in the face of fierce campaign, the Kuomintang party business news system cannot respond forcefully. "More intervention the party newspaper" the news control policy and the top of the Kuomintang, the propaganda machine conservative, seriously affected the Xuan The effect of transmission; the military slander and false propaganda, the Kuomintang lost credibility; failed to effectively mobilize and mobilize the masses, and lost the support of the people. The Kuomintang in political, military and propaganda are difficult to contend with the situation, the decline could not recover, eventually lost to the mainland regime. "Neutral itself, the middle forces fantasy goes" middle way ", the advocate of peace and democracy, against the civil war. But with the Kuomintang insisted on all-out war, the implementation of terror in the area, especially the implementation of political persecution to become aggravated, the middle force situation, the final collective to the Communist Party, has become a historical necessity. Of course, we must know that the effect of publicity on the Chinese political struggle is indirect and passive, the last place the Kuomintang in the mainland is mainly" the gun " The role of the Kuomintang propaganda. Similarly, in the process, the failure does not play a decisive role, military defeat is the main reason for failure, public opinion propaganda is a reflection of, and accelerate the process of destruction.

【学位授予单位】：上海大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K266
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本文编号：1585466