新旧更迭中的巨变：建国初期天津工人研究（1949-1956）

发布时间：2018-03-09 04:17

本文选题：1949-1956　切入点：天津　出处：《南开大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国共产党是工人阶级的政党，共产党初期的革命活动也曾以开展工人运动为主，但大革命失败以后，迫于国内形势，不得不转战农村二十多年。七届二中全会以后，党的工作重心由乡村移到城市，依靠工人发展生产成为城市工作的中心任务。如何依靠工人？刘少奇提出三个办法：“尽可能保障工人的生活水平勿使之过低”，“深入广泛地教育工人”，“组织工人”。建国以后，以此方针为指导，共产党开始对工人、对城市进行大规模的社会改造。本文以天津工人为中心，利用档案资料，从社会史研究视角来探讨建国初期共产党是如何组织教育工人，，使工人的生产生活发生天翻地覆的变化，工人又是如何参与这一过程，影响自身变迁的。换言之，本文从工人与共产党互动的角度，探讨工人变迁过程中的主体性参与对共产党方针政策的影响，再现工人变迁过程的复杂性与真实性，以及共产党改造社会的艰难与曲折，进而彰显中国共产党的光辉与伟大。本文从以下几个方面来论述工人的变迁过程。一、工人的政治生活。工人的政治生活是新中国新工人的一个显著特征，也是共产党教育工人、组织工人的重要举措与成果。通过政治学习、政治运动的开展，工人旧的个人关系网被割裂，新的人际关系、阶级意识形成。通过加入工会、入团入党，工人被组织起来，开始向新政权、共产党靠拢。这就为工人的生产劳动打下了基础。二、工人的生产劳动。工厂通过民主改革，废除了旧的管理制度，工人开始参与工厂管理，这是工人当家作主的一个主要体现，也是工人劳动观念改变、劳动竞赛开展的前提。工人劳动条件的改善、劳动时间的调整、劳动保护的加强以及劳动纪律的巩固也为劳动竞赛做铺垫。劳动竞赛的开展是本章的中心。这是新中国新工人的又一显著特征，是工人拥护共产党、共产党引导工人的主要体现。通过竞赛，工人传统的劳动观念改变，“劳动光荣”成为主流观念。三、工人的物质保障。改善工人的物质生活是共产党依靠工人发展生产的途径之一。工资收入是工人收入的主要来源，两次大规模的工资改革与调整，废除了旧的不合理的工资制度，初步贯彻了“按劳取酬”原则，提高了工人的生活水平。福利政策、劳动保险的实施，又间接增加了工人收入，为工人的生活提供了物质保障。四、工人的文体活动。通过识字运动，工人分享受教育的权利，文化水平大大提高。“为政治，为生产服务”的文艺方针使得具有政治色彩的文艺活动成为工人文艺的主流，但传统观念和工人的行动选择又影响着文艺内容与形式的调整。“发展体育运动，增强人民体质”是工人体育开展的目标与方向，同时，也具有促进生产发展的政治取向。广播体操的开展是全民健身的前奏，工人的接受却经历了一个并不顺畅的过程。五、工人的婚姻家庭。《婚姻法》和《宪法》的颁布实施，为工人婚姻家庭变迁提供了法律依据。通过贯彻婚姻法运动，基本废除了强迫包办、男尊女卑的旧婚姻制度，工人中普遍确立了婚姻自由、男女平等、民主和睦的新型婚姻家庭观念。总而言之，天津工人通过共产党的组织教育，聚拢在共产党的周围，以前所未有的热情投身于生产，使共产党依靠工人发展生产的目标得以实现。同时，工人也经历了新旧更迭中的巨变，成为新中国的新工人。
[Abstract]:China Communist Party is working-class political party, the Communist Party of the early revolutionary activities had to carry out the labor movement, but after the failure of the great revolution, under the domestic situation, had fought in the countryside for more than 20 years. After the second Plenary Session of the 7th CPC Central Committee, the party's work has shifted from the village to the city, relying on the development of production workers become a central task for city work. How to rely on workers? Liu Shaoji proposed three measures: "as far as possible to protect the living standards of workers do not make too low", "extensive education workers", "workers". After the founding of the nation, in order to guide the needle, the Communist Party began to carry out social workers, large-scale transformation of the city.
This paper takes Tianjin as the center of the workers, by making use of archives, to explore from the social history perspective of the founding of the Communist Party is how to organize education workers, which make the production and life of the workers turned upside down, the workers how to participate in this process, the influence of the change of itself. In other words, the workers and the Communist Party of the view of interaction. To explore the subjectivity of the workers in the process of change in influence on the Communist Party policy, workers in the process of changing and reproduce the complexity of reality, and the transformation of the Communist Party of social difficulties and twists and turns, and shows Chinese Communist glory and greatness.
This article discusses the process of workers' change from the following aspects.
A worker's political life. The political life of workers is a prominent feature of the new Chinese new workers, is also the party's education workers, important measures and achievements organization workers. Through political learning, political movement, personal relationship network of old workers are fragmented, interpersonal relationship of class consciousness through the formation. Join the Union, the League to join the party, workers were organized to start to the new regime, the Communist Party. It is closer to productive labor workers laid the foundation.
Two, the production of labor workers. The factory through the democratic reform, the abolition of the old management system, the workers began to participate in the management of the factory, which is a mainly workers in power, but also labor concept change, labor competition. The premise of labor conditions improve, labor time adjustment, strengthen labor protection and labor strengthen discipline also pave the way for labor competition. Labor competition is the core of this chapter. This is another significant feature of the new China new workers, the workers party, the Communist Party mainly guide workers. Through competition, the traditional concept of labor workers, "glorious work" has become the mainstream concept.
Three, workers of material security. Improve the worker's physical life is the way on the Communist Party of the development of production. One of the workers wage income is the main source of income for workers, wage reform and adjustment of two large-scale, the abolition of the old unreasonable salary system, preliminary implementation of the "work" principle, improve the living standards of workers. Welfare policy, the implementation of the labor insurance, and indirectly increase the income of workers, provide material guarantee for the life of the workers.
Four, sports workers. Through the literacy movement, workers to share the right to education, culture level is improved greatly. "In politics, for the production of services" literature and art policy makes political literature has become the mainstream of the workers, but the traditional concept and action selection of workers also affects the content and form of art adjustment. "The development of sports, enhance the people's physique is the goal and direction of sports workers carried out at the same time, also has the political orientation of promoting the development of production. The development of broadcasting gymnastics is a prelude to the national fitness, workers accept but has not been a smooth process.
Five, the marriage law of marriage and family. < > and < > workers the promulgation and implementation of the constitution, provides a legal basis for the workers of marriage and family change. Through the implementation of the marriage law movement, the abolition of the basic force arranged, the old patriarchal marriage system, workers generally established the freedom of marriage, gender equality, democracy and harmony of the new concept of marriage and family.
In short, Tianjin workers through the organization of education of the Communist Party, gathered around the Communist Party, with hitherto unknown passion to join in the production, the development of production workers on the Communist Party to realize the aim. At the same time, the workers also went through great changes and change, become the new workers new China.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D412.6;K27

【参考文献】