清末国粹运动研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 05:26

本文选题：清末　切入点：国粹运动　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：19世纪末,中国在甲午战争当中惨败,很多有识之士为了寻求摆脱民族危机的策略,纷纷留学日本。在不断的学习、探讨当中,很多中国留日学生把日本国粹主义思想传播到了中国。随着日本国粹主义思潮的传入,具有深厚学术功底的清末国粹派学者群体逐渐形成。清末国粹运动是在很多重要条件的推动下产生的。这些重要条件主要包括以下几个方面:第一,当时,国粹派学者提出的通过弘扬国粹来调动国人的民族主义情感的理念对于挽救民族危亡有着很大积极意义;第二,国粹派的“排满革命”理念顺应了当时新兴资产阶级革命的形势;第三,清政府的社会控制力严重不足,为当时的中国营造了相对宽松的思想氛围;第四,清末国粹派学者具有高度的“文化自觉”意识,推动了清末国粹运动的逐步开展;第五,国粹派对维新派不断驳斥,增强了这一派别的学术竞争力,有效地推动了国粹运动的开展;第六,国粹派学者十分希望中国本土的国学研究能够进一步抗衡国外汉学界,这种强烈的竞争意识也推动了国粹运动的产生;第七,清末,中国古代的一系列新史料的发现进一步推动了国粹派学者对中国传统文化的研究与讨论。在一系列有利条件的推动之下,清末国粹运动成为了一场风行大江南北的思想文化运动。具体来看,清末国粹运动的兴盛体现在多个方面,主要包括:一、国粹运动参与群体的壮大;二、宣传国粹主义思想的报刊和社会组织的不断发展;三、关于国粹主义思想的论著丰富;四、传统典籍收集整理工作的大规模开展。辛亥革命胜利前后,曾经风行一时的国粹运动开开始逐步呈现出衰竭之势。具体来看,清末国粹运动的衰竭主要原因体现在以下四个方面:第一,清末国粹派学者自身在学术上的局限性使得致这场运动走向衰竭;第二,国粹派的复古主义倾向使得国粹运动的进步性大打折扣。第三,满清政府的推翻使得很多国粹派“功成身退”,民国成立之后的一系列政治变局进一步降低了国粹派的政治热情。第四,国粹派群体日渐分崩离析,进一步加速了清末国粹运动的衰竭。清末国粹运动的影响是十分广泛的。就积极影响来看,清末国粹派为当时资产阶级反清革命活动提供了充分的舆论支持;维护了中国传统文化的形象与地位;推动了国学学科体系的近代化;传播了一些进步思想观念;打破了官学(即孔学)的独尊地位,丰富了国学的研究内容;有力地推动了民国时期“整理国故”工作的开展。就消极影响来看,国粹派的大汉族主义思想分散了当时国内各民族在抵抗列强侵略上的凝聚力;国粹派过分夸大国粹的作用,对西学的传播形成了很大的阻碍。当前,为了更好地推动传统文化建设工作的开展,我们应该充分借鉴清末国粹运动的经验:努力维护中国优秀传统文化;重视批判、反思中国传统文化;正确处理中国传统文化与西方文化之间的关系;进一步推动中国传统文化的现代化转型;正确处理传统文化研究过程当中的学术求真与致用之间的关系;重视传统文化研究者学术自主意识的培养。在吸取相关历史经验的同时,我们还应该认真吸取清末国粹运动的历史教训:我们应该不断进取,不能因为已经取得的某些成就而停止努力;努力维护传统文化建设人才的团结一致;不断完善与传统文化建设相关的学术理论,努力改正学术理论上的缺点;努力消除传统文化建设过程当中的复古潮流;对少数民族予以充分的尊重,充分发掘少数民族的传统文化资源,反对狭隘的民族主义思想。
[Abstract]:At the end of nineteenth Century, Chinese defeat in the Sino Japanese War, many a person with breadth of vision seeking to escape the national crisis strategy, have studied in Japan. In continuous learning, many students Chinese Japanese ideas spread to Japan. Chinese with the quintessence of Marxism thought, has a profound academic foundation of the quintessence of Chinese culture scholar the group has gradually formed the quintessence of Chinese culture is to promote the movement in the late Qing Dynasty. In many important conditions. These conditions include the following aspects: first, at that time, the quintessence of scholars by Chinese people carry forward the quintessence to mobilize nationalist ideas have great positive significance to save the nation from peril; second, the quintessence of school "full revolution" with the idea of the emerging bourgeois revolution situation; third, social control of the Qing government was in serious shortage The state made a relatively relaxed atmosphere of thought; fourth, in the late Qing Dynasty scholar is highly the quintessence of "cultural consciousness", promote the quintessence of Chinese culture movement in the late Qing Dynasty gradually carry out; fifth, Chinese party reformers continue to refute, enhanced the factions of the academic competition, effectively promote the national sport development; sixth, the quintessence of Chinese culture very much hope that scholars can further research China Ancient Chinese Literature Search local rival foreign Sinology, the strong sense of competition also promoted the national sport production; seventh, the late Qing Dynasty, ancient China a series of new materials is to further promote the research and discussion of scholars of the quintessence of traditional culture. Chinese promotion in a series of favorable conditions the quintessence of movement in the late Qing Dynasty became a popular culture on both sides of the Changjiang River movement. Specifically, the prosperity of national sport in the late Qing Dynasty is reflected in many aspects, including: A group involved in the national sport and growth; two, the development of publicity ideas newspapers and social organizations; on the three, the quintessence of Marxism thought works; four, to carry out large-scale classics collection work. Before and after the victory of the revolution, once for a movement to start gradually showing the quintessence of failure potential. Specifically, the main reason of the failure of the quintessence of Chinese culture movement in the late Qing Dynasty reflected in the following four aspects: first, the quintessence of scholars in the academic self limitation caused by making this movement toward failure; second, China sent pure revivalist tendency makes progress of national sport greatly. Third, which overthrew the Qing Dynasty a lot of the quintessence of Chinese culture ", a series of political upheavals retire after winning merit" after the Republic of China was founded to further reduce the political enthusiasm of the quintessence of Chinese culture. Fourth, the quintessence of Chinese culture gradually fall apart into groups. Step up the quintessence of movement in the late Qing Dynasty failure. The influence of the quintessence of Chinese culture movement in the late Qing Dynasty is very extensive. As a positive influence, the national quintessence school provides sufficient public support for the bourgeois anti Qing revolutionary activities; to maintain the image and status of traditional culture China; promote the modernization of the discipline system Ancient Chinese Literature Search spread; some progress of ideas; break the official (i.e. Confucianism domination), enrich the research content Ancient Chinese Literature Search; a strong impetus to the period of the Republic of China "sort out the work. The negative impact, the quintessence of Chinese culture Han chauvinism thoughts scattered at home and all ethnic groups in the aggression on the cohesion of resistance the quintessence of Chinese culture; exaggerate the quintessence of role, formed a great obstacle to the spread of Western learning. At present, in order to better promote the traditional cultural construction work, we should fully learn from in the late Qing Dynasty National sport experience: to maintain Chinese excellent traditional culture; value criticism, reflection China traditional culture; China correctly handle the relationship between traditional culture and Western culture; to further promote the modernization of traditional culture Chinese transformation; deal with the relationship between the research process of the academic truth and practice between the right of traditional culture; attach great importance to the cultivation of traditional culture research academic consciousness. Draw on the relevant historical experience at the same time, we should earnestly learn the lessons of history culture movement in the late Qing Dynasty: should we continue to forge ahead, not because of some achievement and stop trying to maintain the traditional culture; construction talents solidarity; constantly improve the relevant academic theory and traditional culture construction, efforts correct academic shortcomings; efforts to eliminate the process of traditional culture construction of the retro trend of minority to be; Fully respect, fully excavate the traditional cultural resources of the ethnic minorities, and oppose the narrow nationalist ideology.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K252

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