阎敬铭研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 08:34

  本文选题：阎敬铭　切入点：黄崖山教案　出处：《山东师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为晚清时期重要的官员,阎敬铭在中国近代史上有着极其重要的历史影响。在长期的理政过程中,他时刻奉行勤政、廉俭、恤民、爱国的原则,被人们视为清官的典范。文章将运用历史学、社会学、政治学、文化学等相关理论和方法,梳理阎敬铭的主要政绩,对其做一个客观的评价和历史定位。政治上,阎敬铭成绩十分突出。他注意整顿吏治,清朝末年官场腐败,吏风日下,大小官员皆尚贪纵奢侈,反以廉洁俭约为怪,唯有阎敬铭厉行节约,极大的扭转了官场的不良习气;他为官公正严明,不徇私枉法,处理案件十分公允利民。在山东阎敬铭注意整顿吏治,惩治劣员,举荐贤员,严格官吏升迁考核制度,任人唯贤,唯才是举。同时清查亏欠钱粮,使得山东库收稳定,大大提高了财政收入。由于他带头厉行节约,操守清廉,以至山东吏治大为改观。同时,他深知民苦,注意体恤民情,在经济上,整顿关税厘金,治理漕务盐务,减免苛捐杂税,大大减轻人民的负担,他十分关注雨泽粮价,从其奏折上报的雨泽粮价之细致可以看出对民生的关注。同治年间,黄河决溢频繁,他亲赴灾区了解灾情,食宿在农民家中了解灾情,用两年时间疏浚河流完毕。由于战乱不断,山东地区各种社会矛盾激化,捻军、福军等农民起义此起彼伏,当时山东民变四起的大背景,官府对民众聚集活动极为紧张、恐慌,往往采取极端措施。阎敬铭采取措施处置了黄崖山事变。1877年山西省大饥,清廷屡派官赈济,犹不能很好解决,于是调派阎敬铭去视察赈务。他执法不苟,查拿了贪官知州段鼎耀等人;严厉弹弹劾了礼部尚书恩承、都察院童华一伙对地方的滋扰,晋民交口称快。他不但在虞乡建立学校,而且扫除积弊,减免繁苛的差徭赋税。同时,大力提倡栽桑养蚕,戒种罂粟(大烟),出版发行格言十七种及司马温公《资治通鉴》、《涑水纪闻》等书,深受人民赞颂。阎敬铭整顿户部积弊,掀开了户部的许多黑幕,最惹眼的是掀出了云南省的军费报销安案。军费报销向来是报销者和户部司官、书办的贪污门路,报销者可以把并非军费的款项纳入军费中去报销,而把大量款项揣入私囊;户部明知有弊而给予报销,就要私收贿赂,通同作弊。云南的军费报销,早在阎敬铭入京职掌户部的半年前就已开始舞弊,阎敬铭上任后大刀阔斧地整顿,使言官们打消顾虑,逐渐敢言了。阎回陕后热心地方公益事业,不仅捐款修建义学,而且倡导、督促在(朝邑)县城西侧(今大荔县城东17公里处的朝邑南寨子)建起一座丰图义仓。
[Abstract]:As an important official in the late Qing Dynasty, Yan Jingming had an extremely important historical influence in the modern history of China. In his long-term process of administration, he always pursued the principles of diligence, honesty and thrift, compassion for the people, and patriotism. It will be regarded as an example of a clean official. The article will use the relevant theories and methods of history, sociology, political science, culture and other related theories and methods to sort out Yan Jingming's main achievements and make an objective evaluation and historical orientation. Politically, Yan Jingming's achievements were very outstanding. He paid attention to rectifying the official administration, corruption in the official field in the late Qing Dynasty, and the officials of all sizes were still greedy and extravagant, opposing the incorruptible and thrifty, only Yan Jingming was strict in saving, which greatly reversed the bad habits of the officialdom; He was just and strict as an official, did not bend the law for selfish ends, handled cases fairly and profitably. In Shandong, Yan Jingming paid attention to rectifying the administration of officials, punishing bad officials, recommending meritorious members, strictly enforcing the system of promotion and examination of officials, and appointing meritocracy. At the same time, by checking the amount of money owed, Shandong's treasury was kept stable, and its financial income was greatly increased. As a result of his leading efforts to economize, his conduct was clean, and the administration of officials in Shandong was greatly improved. At the same time, he knew the sufferings of the people and paid attention to compassion for the people. In economic terms, we should rectify customs duties, regulate salt affairs, reduce taxes and taxes, and greatly lighten the burden on the people. He is very concerned about the price of food in Yu Ze. From the meticulous presentation of the prices of food in Yu Ze, we can see that we are concerned about the people's livelihood. During the same years, The Yellow River overflows frequently, he goes to the disaster area personally to understand the disaster situation, the food and lodging know the disaster situation in the farmer's house, and the river is dredged in two years. As a result of the continuous war, various kinds of social contradictions in Shandong area are intensified, the peasant uprisings, such as the twisting army and the Fujun, rise one after another. At that time, in the background of the four events of the uprising in Shandong, the government authorities were extremely nervous and panicked about the gathering of people, and often took extreme measures. Yan Jingming took measures to deal with the Huangya Mountain incident. In 1877, Shanxi Province was hungry and the Qing government sent officials for relief. Still unable to solve the problem very well, he sent Yan Jingming to inspect the relief affairs. He did not carry out the law meticulously, took corrupt officials and governor Duan Dingyao, and so on; severely impeached the ministry of etiquette, Shang Shu and Chengcheng, and the Tonghua gang of the Capital Inspection Institute harassed the place. He not only set up a school in Yuxiang, but also eliminated the old malpractices and reduced the onerous taxes and taxes. At the same time, he strongly advocated planting mulberry and raising sericulture. Abstinence from growing opium poppy (Big smoke, publication of 17 aphorisms, Sima Wen Gong "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", "Sushui Ji Wen") and other books, deeply praised by the people. Yan Jingming rectified the old malpractices of the household department and opened up many dark scenes of the household department. The most striking thing is that the military expense account of Yunnan Province has been raised. The military expense account has always been the reimburser and the official of the Department of Household Affairs, the embezzlement door of the book office, the reimburser can bring the money which is not military expenditure into the military expenditure to reimburse, but carries a large amount of money into the private pocket; The Department of Housing, knowing that there is a malpractice, will pay bribes and cheat together. Yunnan's military expenses reimbursement began six months before Yan Jingming entered Beijing as head of the household office, and Yan Jingming made a radical rectification after he took office, so that the speech officials would give up their worries. Yan Hui Shaanxi enthusiasm for local public welfare, not only donations to build righteousness, but also advocate, urge in (Chaoyi) county town west side (now Dali County east 17 kilometers of Chaoyi south stockade) to build a Fengtu Yi storehouse.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K252
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本文编号：1610425