辛亥祭奠的死亡表达——黄花岗七十二烈士墓骷髅符号释读

发布时间：2018-03-14 20:51

  本文选题：辛亥革命　切入点：黄花岗七十二烈士　出处：《近代史研究》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：民国初年修建的黄花岗七十二烈士陵园曾存在一条饰有骷髅雕塑的墓道,学界对此的零星讨论多止于陵园设计者潘达微的个人偏好。事实上,死亡文化在清末民初十分盛行,象征死亡的骷髅符号因此而成为常见的视觉语码,并随着时局变化衍生出多种语义。在辛亥革命前,骷髅主要象征民众苦难和为了改变此种现状的志士义举,到了民国初年,政局混乱,民不聊生,现实苦难并没有因为举义成功而有所改变,志士的牺牲根本无法获得革命话语所预设的价值兑现,象征民众苦难的骷髅意涵由此延续,而象征志士义举的情感意蕴则发生了极大逆转——由视死如归的胆气和希望转变为生命虚无的失落与彷徨。黄花岗七十二烈士墓的骷髅设计,正是在这样一个动态的意义网络中,通过凸显先烈之死的惨烈与惊怖,追问个体生命的终极价值和辛亥革命的根本意义。
[Abstract]:The 72 Martyrs Cemetery in Huanghuagang, built in the early part of the Republic of China, once had a tomb path decorated with skeleton sculptures. The sporadic discussions in academic circles ended in the personal preferences of the cemetery designer Pan Dawa. In fact, the culture of death was very popular in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. As a result, the skeleton symbol of death became a common visual code and spawned a variety of semantics over the course of the current situation. Before the Revolution of 1911, the skeleton mainly symbolized the suffering of the people and the noble deeds of the people in order to change the status quo, and in the early years of the Republic of China, The political situation is chaotic, the people are dying, the reality of suffering has not changed because of the success of righteousness, the sacrifice of the people with lofty ideals simply cannot be realized in the value presupposed by the revolutionary discourse, and the skeleton meaning symbolizing the suffering of the people has thus continued. However, the emotional implication of the act of symbolizing the righteousness of Shi Shi has been greatly reversed-from the courage and hope of death to the loss and loss of nothingness in life. The skeleton design of the 72 Martyrs Tomb in Huanghuagang is precisely in such a dynamic meaning network. The ultimate value of individual life and the fundamental significance of the Revolution of 1911 were questioned by highlighting the tragedy and horror of the death of the martyrs.
【作者单位】： 中山大学社会学与人类学学院;
【基金】：广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划学科共建项目“广东志士与中国近代公益话语的萌芽”(GD16XLS06) 中山大学人文社会科学青年教师桐山基金(1709001)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K257
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本文编号：1612845