青岛历史上的传染病预防与控制研究（1898-1949年）

发布时间：2018-03-30 02:20

本文选题：传染病　切入点：青岛　出处：《中国海洋大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：传染病的发生或流行不仅给生命个体带来了巨大的恐惧和痛苦，而且也给社会的发展造成种种障碍和灾难。传染病对近代青岛的影响亦如此。近代青岛各种传染病尤其是霍乱、伤寒、痢疾等的爆发和流行曾给青岛造成了巨大的伤害。它不仅严重威胁着民众的生命和健康，带来社会混乱，还严重阻碍着政治、经济、文化的发展。1898-1949年，青岛分别经历了德、日殖民者的统治和奴役，北洋政府接管、国民政府第一次统治，，日本第二次侵占及国民政府第二次统治，政权更迭交替，政局动荡。在这样的社会大背景下，历代当局均对传染病的预防与控制均做了各自的努力，既有相互继承也有独自的创新。目前，传染病的发生或流行不再单纯是一个自然问题，更越发的成为我们都必须面对的复杂的社会问题。传染病的发生或流行，不仅受自然环境因素的影响，同时又受人口密度、公共卫生、交通、战争等社会因素的影响。本文依据各种资料，通过对1898-1949年青岛传染病的初步研究，探讨这一多变历史环境下传染病发生或流行的原因，以及疫情发生后，历代当局所采取的防疫措施，从而为未来传染病的防控工作提供有益的借鉴。本文共分五章。在绪论章节中主要介绍了本文的研究目的，学术上对疾病史的研究概况及对文章中论及的传染病的概念和研究时段进行了界定。展现了传染病研究的进展情况，明确了研究对象，时段等基本要素。第一章主要介绍了青岛传染病的疫情概览，对近代青岛发生或流行的主要传染病做了简单的梳理，再现了历史上青岛传染病发生的情景并总结了近代青岛传染病发生或流行的主要特点；第二章主要从自然环境和社会环境两大方面分析了诱发传染病的主要致疫因素；第三章详细叙述了近代青岛历届政府对传染病的预防和控制措施；第四章则对近代青岛对传染病预防与控制的影响进行了简要的评价。1898—1949年青岛传染病的防控研究所涉及的内容主要是政府对疫情出现后的应对机制，这无疑对未来疾病的预防与应对有着重要的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The occurrence or prevalence of infectious diseases not only brings great fear and pain to individuals, but also causes various obstacles and disasters to the development of society.The influence of infectious diseases on modern Qingdao is the same.The outbreaks and epidemics of various infectious diseases, especially cholera, typhoid and dysentery, have caused great harm to Qingdao.It not only seriously threatened the lives and health of the people, brought social chaos, but also seriously hindered the development of politics, economy and culture. From 1898-1949, Qingdao went through the rule and enslavement of German and Japanese colonists, and the Beiyang government took over.The first rule of the national government, the second occupation of Japan and the second rule of the national government, regime change alternately, political instability.In such a social background, the authorities of all dynasties have made their own efforts in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, both inheriting each other and innovating independently.At present, the occurrence or prevalence of infectious diseases is not only a natural problem, but also a complex social problem that we must face.The occurrence or prevalence of infectious diseases is affected not only by natural environment factors, but also by social factors such as population density, public health, transportation, war and so on.On the basis of various data, this paper discusses the causes of the occurrence or prevalence of infectious diseases in this changeable historical environment, and the preventive measures taken by the authorities of successive dynasties after the outbreak of the epidemic, through a preliminary study of the infectious diseases in Qingdao from 1898-1949.So as to provide useful reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the future.This paper is divided into five chapters.In the introduction chapter, the purpose of this paper is introduced, the general situation of the research on the history of disease and the definition of the concept and period of the infectious disease discussed in the article are also given.It shows the progress of infectious disease research, and clarifies the basic factors, such as object, period and so on.The first chapter mainly introduces the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in Qingdao, and briefly combs the main infectious diseases occurring or prevalent in Qingdao in modern times.This paper reproduces the historical scene of the occurrence of infectious diseases in Qingdao and summarizes the main characteristics of the occurrence or prevalence of infectious diseases in modern Qingdao. The second chapter analyzes the main epidemic factors of infectious diseases from two aspects: natural environment and social environment.The third chapter describes the measures of prevention and control of infectious diseases by the successive governments of Qingdao in modern times.The fourth chapter briefly evaluates the influence of modern Qingdao on the prevention and control of infectious diseases. From 1898-1949, the contents of the study on prevention and control of infectious diseases in Qingdao are mainly the government's coping mechanism after the outbreak of the epidemic.This undoubtedly has the important reference significance to the future disease prevention and the response.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R-09;K25

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