1936—1937年广东币制改革的券币比率之争

发布时间：2018-04-08 13:12

本文选题：法币改革　切入点：广东　出处：《近代史研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：1935年11月南京国民政府实施的法币改革被视为统一全国货币的标志性事件,但实际上各地改革步调并不一致。陈济棠军事割据是国民政府在广东推行法币政策的最大障碍,财政部多次派员商洽无果而终。自1936年7月广东"还政中央"以后,国民政府再次派要员南下改革广东币制。如何确定券币比率引发诸多争议,商界大多主张"不超过加三",财政部以毫券准备金不足为由暂定"不超过加五",商界反复交涉亦未能变更。1937年1月以后,面对涨价风潮和金融风潮,商界要求减低券币比率的呼声再起,并得到广东军政当局的支持,形成一股强大的合力,迫使国民政府于1937年6月公布将券币比率改订为"加四四"。广东券币比率的最终确定实质上是各方经过反复博弈后在国家与地方利益之间达成的一种平衡,这表明在中央强化集权、垄断金融的态势下,地方仍有争取利益的空间。
[Abstract]:In November 1935, the reform of the National Government of Nanjing was regarded as the symbol of the unification of the national currency, but the pace of the reform was not consistent.Chen Jitang's military separation was the biggest obstacle for the Kuomintang government to carry out the law policy in Guangdong.Since July 1936, Guangdong "returned to the central government", the National Government sent again to the south to reform the Guangdong currency system.How to determine the ratio of coupons has caused many controversies. Most of the business sector advocates "no more than three plus three." the Ministry of Finance tentatively stated "no more than five" and the business sector made repeated representations that did not change after January 1937.In the face of the rise in prices and the financial turmoil, the business community's call for a reduction in the ratio of coupons rose again and received the support of the Guangdong military and government authorities, which formed a strong joint force, forcing the National Government to change the ratio of coupons to "plus four or four" in June 1937.The final determination of the ratio of Guangdong coupons is essentially a kind of balance between national and local interests, which indicates that under the situation of centralization and monopoly of finance, local governments still have room to strive for interests.
【作者单位】：中山大学历史系;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“华南抗战历史文献的整理与研究”(16ZDAl37)、国家社会科学基金青年项目“民国时期营业税制度研究”(16CZS048)的中期成果
【分类号】：K263

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