民主与建国—中国中间路线研究（1927-1949）

发布时间：2018-04-14 12:24

本文选题：中间路线 + 民主　；参考：《湖南大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：中间路线是一条在回应“中国向何处去”的历史命题上相对于国共路线而言的改良型路线,虽然说它以此旗号正式出现在抗战胜利前后的中国政治舞台上,但事实上它自20年代末国共相争开始就出没于国共路线的夹缝之中,并且随着时势的改变而日趋凸显。是以本文以国共之争为背景,以民主建国为主线,以中间派人士的言行为依据,运用历史学与政治学方法,对其发展脉络、相应特征、基本精神、具体主张进行比较详细的阐释和分析,并在具体历史语境中做出应有的评述。同时在此基础上一方面说明以民主建国为主旨的中间路线所具有的时代意义和历史价值,另一方面对其推崇者——中间派人士的探索精神与爱国情怀予以充分地肯定。全文共分五部分,第一部分即第一章绪论,一方面对选题的缘起与意义进行简要的分析和论述,另一方面对当前有关中间路线的学术研究状况进行简扼的梳理和陈述；此外,在概念上对中间路线与中间派人士进行厘定的同时,对本文的研究方法和思路以及创新点和不足也做了相应的介绍。第二部分即第二章,由于近代以来中国士人在回应“中国向何处去”的历史拷问上不成功的事实,以及国共因之而出现相争的局面,从而在这样一种时势的风云际会中,中间路线出现在中国的历史舞台上。而如此的出场背景,无疑既为中间路线的生存和发展营造了足够的生态空间,也为其日后淡出历史舞台提供了合理性依据。第三部分即第二章、第三章、第四章和第五章,主要对中间路线本身进行全方位的描述和剖析。其一,以时间为经线,对中间路线的发展脉络进行详细地梳理,同时对其在不同时段所呈出来的基本特色进行分析和论证；其二,从中间路线的历史传承、根本性质、使用手段、存在背景与表现形式等五个层面对其特性进行深入分析,目的在于说明中间路线不仅是一条相对于国共路线而言的政治路线,而且具有明显的自我特质；其三,在对中间路线中的理论基础——自由主义进行分析和论证的同时,还对其跟中间路线相结合的原因进行详细的探讨,此外,也对中间路线所包含的国家主义、国家社会主义、村治主义等思想进行了论述,旨在说明中间路线的包容性与开放性。其四,一方面以民主和建国为基点来论证中间路线的基本政治目标,另一方面以民主与自由为视角来探讨中间路线的基本政治理念,从而在根本上达到凸显其政治主张的目的。其五,为彰显中间路线的党派立场,一则分析其与国共路线的同异,突出彼此间除却救亡这一共同的政治目标之外,在指导思想、政治手段以及党政关系的处理等方面存在着难以逾越的鸿沟；二则通过对中间派人士在处理跟国共关系时所扮演的矛盾角色的分析与论证,从而表明实践中的中间派人士在其路线的导引下,既充当起国民党的诤臣和诤友,也充当起共产党的对手与盟友；三则站在中间路线与国共路线的角度,对中间派人士在国共之间扮演矛盾角色的原因进行分析,进一步突出相互间的差异。第四部分,即第六章和第七章,主要是讲中间派人士围绕现代化问题,在社会改造、文化与经济发展诸方面提出一系列的观点和主张,进一步使中间路线具体化。就社会改造而言,主要以作为中间派人士重要组成部分——乡建派人士改造乡村为对象,一则对其对其改造乡村的原因进行分析和梳理,二则对其在发展乡村经济、教育和医药卫生以及重建社会秩序方面的实践进行举证,从而在某种意义上说明中间路线为了救亡与建国的需要,并非只在意于政治的改良,也在关注着社会的改造。就现代化而言,在肯定中间路线必须对文化与经济现代化问题作出回应基础上,一方面对中间派人士在传统现代化问题上出现分歧的表现与原因进行评述,另一方面对其在经济现代化建设重心的确认上所形成的主要观点及其原因进行论述。第五部分即结语,其一,从政治生态恶化的角度来论述中间路线淡出历史舞台的原因,同时也对第一章中间路线的出场做出呼应;其二,从大历史的角度来论证民盟十足道地的共和国方案所具有的超越性和空想性,从而借以彰显中间路线所具有的时代意义与历史意义。
[Abstract]:The intermediate route is an improved route with respect to the national co - alignment in the historical proposition of " Where to go " in China . Although it has formally appeared on the Chinese political stage before and after the victory of the Anti - Japanese War , it has made a detailed explanation and analysis of its development pulse , corresponding characteristics , basic spirit and concrete proposition . On the other hand , it illustrates the era significance and historical value of the intermediate route based on the democratic nation - building , on the other hand , it fully affirms the exploration spirit and patriotic feelings of its followers _ centrists .

The thesis is divided into five parts , the first part is the first chapter , the first chapter is the introduction , on the one hand , it makes a brief analysis and discussion on the origin and significance of the topic , on the other hand , makes a brief review and statement on the current academic research situation of the intermediate route ;
In addition , the research methods and ideas of this paper and the innovation points and deficiencies are also introduced at the same time as the intermediate route and the centrist are determined conceptually .

In the second part , the second chapter , because of the fact that Chinese scholars have not succeeded in responding to the historical torture of " Where to Go " in modern times , and the situation that the state has been fighting for , the middle route appears on the historical stage of China .

The third part , chapter two , chapter three , chapter four and fifth chapter , mainly describes and analyzes the middle route itself . Firstly , the development of the middle route is carded out in detail with the time as the longitude line , and the basic characteristics of the intermediate route are analyzed and demonstrated at the same time .
Second , from the historical heritage , the fundamental character , the use means , the existence background and the expression of the intermediate route , the characteristics of the middle route are analyzed in depth , and the aim is to illustrate that the intermediate route is not only a political line relative to the national common route but also has obvious self - characteristics ;
At the same time , the author discusses the reasons of the middle route by analyzing and proving the theoretical foundation _ liberalism in the middle route . In addition , the author discusses the basic political goal of the middle route by taking democracy and the building State as the base point .
Second , through the analysis and demonstration of the contradictory role played by the centrists in dealing with the relationship with the state , it is shown that the centrists in the practice act as both the Kuomintang ' s commanders and friends , as well as the opponents and allies of the Communist Party under the guidance of their route .
In the third chapter , the author analyzes the reasons why the middle school plays the role of contradiction among the countries in the angle of the middle route and the national route , and further highlights the difference between each other .

The fourth part , the sixth chapter and the seventh chapter , is mainly about the middle school people to put forward a series of views and opinions on the modernization problem , in the aspects of social transformation , culture and economic development .

The fifth part is the conclusion , one of which , from the perspective of political ecological deterioration , discusses the causes of the intermediate route to fade out of the historical stage , and also calls for the appearance of the middle route of the first chapter .

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K26;D665

【参考文献】