抗战时期的芷江机场及其对抗战的贡献研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 13:02

本文选题：芷江机场 + 抗日战争　；参考：《吉首大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1937年7月抗日战争全面爆发后,国民政府决定从南京迁都重庆继续抗战。对于重庆来说,芷江这个“全楚咽喉”对捍卫大西南后方具有重要的军事地位;于是,国民政府决定在芷江建设空军基地。芷江机场从修建到改扩建,动用了大量的人力、物力、财力。芷江机场在抗战时期具有极其重要的作用,是抗战时期众多军用机场中历史意义最为重大的一个。芷江机场有盟军“远东第二大机场”之称,这一山区机场在反法西斯战争中具有不可忽视的军事地位,发挥过重大作用。在抗战时期,它是国民党重庆政府的前进机场,盟军的重要军事基地,当时又是军事保密的重点。战争后期,中、美、苏在芷江机场屯集了战斗、轰炸、运输、侦察等各种类型的飞机五百多架。芷江机场空军基地的中美战机与昆明、重庆后方机场构成了空中走廊,担负着歼击日机,断日补给线和对盟军空中增援和对日占区军事目标施行轰炸任务。抗战后期夺取了制空权,为此日军在1945年4月发动了争夺芷江机场的湘西会战,芷江机场对于湘西会战等战役的具有影响重大。1945年8月21日,芷江举行了代表中国抗战胜利的受降仪式,日军交出在华兵力部署图。文章分为几个部分:第一部分绪论:国内外对芷江机场的研究,修建芷江机场的缘由和必要性。通过查阅档案史料和方志,结合田野调查芷江机场周边地区的纪念馆、档案馆、碑文等得到的资料发现在芷江修建机场的历史原因和必要性。第二部分芷江机场的修建:抗战中芷江机场的选址、民众的招集和民工的使用、修建芷江机场付出的代价等。抗战时期对芷江机场的修建、改建及扩建,完善导航设施等工程。第三部分是抗战时期芷江机场的功能及作用:抗日前期苏联空军入驻芷江机场,抗战中期飞虎队全面进驻芷江机场,驻芷江的各种战机最多时达到500架,为此,还扩充地勤保障、飞机修理、航油弹库等机场设施。战时芷江机场周边的社会生活等都发生了变化。第四部分由芷江机场发动的对日空战:芷江机场的中美战机担负着歼击日机,断日补给线和对盟军空中增援和对日占区军事目标施行轰炸任务。空援常德、血战衡阳、三袭白螺矶,中美空军的战术战法争取了中国西南地区的制空权。第五部分芷江机场在抗日战场上发挥的作用研究及其在抗日战争中的历史地位:日军发动了争夺芷江机场的湘西会战,从芷江基地起飞的中美战机对于湘西会战等战役有至关重要的影响作用。第六部分结束语,总觉了文章研究抗日战争中的芷江机场修建这一历史事实,概述了芷江机场的特殊的战略地位,
[Abstract]:After the War of Resistance against Japan broke out in July 1937, the National Government decided to move its capital from Nanjing to Chongqing.For Chongqing, Zhijiang, the "whole Chu throat", played an important military role in defending the rear of the southwest, so the National Government decided to build an air force base in Zhijiang.Zhijiang Airport from the construction to expansion, using a large number of human, material and financial resources.Zhijiang Airport played an extremely important role in the War of Resistance against Japan and was the most important one in the history of many military airports during the War of Resistance against Japan.Zhijiang airport is known as the second largest airport in the far East by Allied forces, and this mountainous airport has played an important role in the anti-fascist war.During the anti-Japanese War, it was the KMT Chongqing government's forward airport, an important Allied military base, and was also the focus of military secrecy.In the late years of the war, China, the United States, and the Soviet Union assembled more than 500 planes of various types, such as combat, bombing, transportation and reconnaissance at Zhijiang Airport.The Sino-American fighter planes in Zhijiang Airport Air Force Base, Kunming, and Chongqing rear airport constitute the air corridor, which is responsible for the task of fighting Japanese planes, breaking off Japan's supply lines, and carrying out air reinforcements to allies and bombing military targets in Japanese-occupied areas.In the late stage of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Japanese army seized the air power. For this reason, in April 1945, the Japanese army launched a battle for the western part of Hunan for Zhijiang Airport, which had a significant impact on such campaigns as the Battle of Western Hunan. On August 21, 1945,Zhijiang held a ceremony to represent China's victory in the War of Resistance, and Japanese troops handed over plans for deployment in China.The article is divided into several parts: the first part is introduction: domestic and foreign research on Zhijiang airport, the reason and necessity of building Zhijiang airport.The historical reasons and necessity of building the airport in Zhijiang are found by referring to the historical archives and local chronicles and combining with the field investigation of the memorials archives and inscriptions in the surrounding areas of Zhijiang Airport.The second part is the construction of Zhijiang airport: the site selection of Zhijiang airport in the Anti-Japanese War, the attraction of the people and the use of migrant workers, the price paid by the construction of Zhijiang airport and so on.During the War of Resistance against Japan, the construction, reconstruction and expansion of Zhijiang Airport and the improvement of navigation facilities.The third part is about the functions and functions of Zhijiang Airport during the Anti-Japanese War: in the early anti-Japanese period, the Soviet Air Force entered Zhijiang Airport. In the middle of the Anti-Japanese War, the Flying Tigers fully entered Zhijiang Airport, and the maximum number of fighters stationed in Zhijiang reached 500. For this reason,The expansion of ground support, aircraft repair, aviation fuel bomb depots and other airport facilities.During the war Zhijiang Airport around the social life has changed.The fourth part is the air war against Japan launched by Zhijiang Airport: the Chinese and American fighter planes at Zhijiang Airport are charged with the task of annihilating Japanese planes, breaking off Japan's supply lines, and carrying out air reinforcements against allied forces and bombing military targets in Japanese-occupied areas.Air Aid Changde, blood war Hengyang, three attacks on White Rocky, the Chinese-American Air Force tactical tactics to fight for southwest China's air power.The fifth part is about the role of Zhijiang Airport in the War of Resistance against Japan and its historical position in the War of Resistance against Japan.The Chinese-American fighter planes from Zhijiang base have a vital influence on the battles in western Hunan.The conclusion of the sixth part is that the article studies the historical fact that Zhijiang Airport was built in the War of Resistance against Japan, and outlines the special strategic position of Zhijiang Airport.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265

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