上海市政府的平民住宅建设（1928-1949）

发布时间：2018-04-16 09:00

本文选题：上海市政府 + 平民　；参考：《上海师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：南京国民政府时期，星罗棋布的棚户区散布在上海这座国际化大都市的每个角落。随着棚户区的持续蔓延，火灾频仍、疫疠横行、治安恶化等社会问题接踵而至。上海市政府以棚户区有碍观瞻、有碍卫生、有碍市容，试图加以取缔，遭致棚户的激烈反对。蛰居于阁楼之中的上海平民，不堪忍受其狭小的居住空间、高昂的房租、恶劣的环境，叫苦不迭，却也无可奈何。上海市政府迫于现实的需要及出于塑造自身良好的社会形象，不得不致力于平民住宅的建设，先后成立“筹建平民住所委员会”和“平民福利事业管理委员会”，建成平民住宅七处，解决了小部分平民的居住难题。上海市政府的平民住宅建设以重视社会福利事业和确立相对完善的管理制度，深为时人所瞩目。其建设目的不仅在于减轻平民生活负担，以便于拆迁棚户安置居民，而且还要以此为契机，作改良社会之努力，，加强行政施治。战争的影响以及资金的匮乏，使平民住宅的建设步履维艰，抗战期间和战后市政府只能尽力维持和修复现有住宅，使得平民住宅仍可发挥极其有限的作用。作为政府所主导的住宅建设，它却能充分吸收社会力量的积极参与，大大提高了平民住宅的建设水准，更能合乎平民的实际需要。通过考察平民住宅区内住民的构成，不难发现，住宅确实符合救济平民之旨意。居民的生活也因迁入平民村所内有所改善，同时政府力量也开始介入到居民日常生活中来，加强了对居民的控制和规训。虽然这一努力受到诸多因素的制约，然而国家力量向基层社会渗透的趋势已很明显，来自于各方面的阻遏，使之增加许多难度。国家统合社会的实现，仍要留待于居民委员会的具体运作。
[Abstract]:During the Nanjing National Government, shantytowns spread all over the cosmopolitan city of Shanghai.With the continued spread of shantytowns, frequent fires, epidemic plague, deterioration of public order and other social problems followed.The Shanghai municipal government tried to ban shanty towns by hindering their view, sanitation and appearance, which led to fierce opposition from the shantytowns.Living in the attic, Shanghai's civilians can't stand their cramped living space, high rent, harsh environment, complaining, but also helpless.Forced by the need of reality and in order to create its own good social image, the Shanghai Municipal Government had to devote itself to the construction of civilian residences, and successively set up the "Committee for preparing for the Construction of civilian residences" and the "Management Committee for civilian Welfare undertakings".The construction of seven civilian residences has solved the housing problems of a small number of civilians.The construction of the civilian residence of Shanghai municipal government pays great attention to the social welfare and the establishment of a relatively perfect management system.The purpose of its construction is not only to lighten the burden of civilian life, but also to make efforts to improve the society and strengthen administrative administration.The influence of the war and the lack of funds made the construction of civilian residence difficult. During the Anti-Japanese War and after the war the municipal government could only try to maintain and repair the existing residence so that the civilian residence can still play a very limited role.As the government's leading housing construction, it can fully absorb the active participation of social forces, greatly improve the level of civilian housing construction, more in line with the actual needs of civilians.By examining the composition of the inhabitants of the civilian residential areas, it is not difficult to find that the houses are in accordance with the will of the relief civilians.The life of the residents has also been improved by moving into the civilian villages, and the government forces have also begun to intervene in the daily life of the residents, strengthening the control and discipline of the residents.Although this effort is restricted by many factors, the tendency of the national power to infiltrate into the grass-roots society is obvious, which comes from various aspects of repression, making it more difficult.The realization of the state-integrated society is still to be left to the specific operation of the residents' committee.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K26;F293.3

【引证文献】