环境史视野下中国西南大旱成因刍论——基于云南本土研究者视角的思考

发布时间：2018-04-16 10:19

本文选题：环境史 + 灾害史　；参考：《郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年05期

【摘要】：2009-2013年持续五年的西南大旱的原因备受关注。除官方认为的西南地理地形特殊、全球气候变化及水质污染、湿地退化、原始森林破坏等原因外,西南及东南亚雨林的大面积破坏萎缩、民族生存方式及文化传统的内地化、历史生态破坏后果持续性累积的长期效应影响、现当代政策及其经济利益驱动致使生物物种单一化、物种入侵等造成西南生态系统的变异和根本性破坏等因素,应当是导致、延长西南旱灾最致命、最根本的原因。西南旱灾的形成既与自然规律及自然界的异常变动相关,也与历史上的移民及随之而来的汉民族的生存、生活方式在民族地区的渗透扩张,以及明清王朝的经济、政治开发导致的生态破坏及其生态系统失衡引发的生态危机等密切相关,更是云南及东南亚地区热带雨林大面积毁灭引发的生态危机导致的结果,也是现当代西南乃至东南亚地区为了发展经济,赶走原始森林而种植橡胶、桉树及其他经济林木,导致区域植被种类单一、生态系统脆弱,也给入侵物种创造了机会,削弱了自然本身的协调抗灾能力。对旱灾区域进行分析不难发现,旱灾最严重的地区就是森林破坏及水土流失现象最严重的地区。因植被破坏、水土流失、土地石漠化加剧和水文地质环境的改变,才使当地涵养水源的生态能力减弱而演变为一场巨大的人为灾难。
[Abstract]:The cause of the five-year drought in the Southwest from 2009 to 2013 has attracted much attention.In addition to what officials believe is the special geography and topography of the southwest, global climate change and water pollution, wetland degradation, and destruction of virgin forests, the extensive destruction of rainforests in southwest and Southeast Asia has shrunk, and the national way of life and cultural traditions have become inland.The long-term effects of the cumulative effects of historical ecological destruction consequences, the effects of modern and contemporary policies and their economic benefits driving the simplification of biological species, the variation and fundamental destruction of the southwest ecosystem caused by species invasion, etc., should be the cause.Prolonging the southwest drought is the deadliest and most fundamental cause.The formation of the drought in Southwest China was related to the natural laws and the abnormal changes in nature, to the existence of the immigrants in history and the Han nationality, to the infiltration and expansion of the way of life in the ethnic areas, and to the economy of the Ming and Qing dynasties.The ecological damage caused by political development and the ecological crisis caused by the imbalance of the ecosystem are closely related to each other, and are the result of the ecological crisis caused by the extensive destruction of rainforests in Yunnan and Southeast Asia.It is also in the southwest and Southeast Asia of modern and contemporary times that rubber, eucalyptus and other economic trees have been planted in order to develop the economy and drive away the original forests, resulting in a single type of regional vegetation, fragile ecosystems, and creating opportunities for invasive species.It weakens the ability of nature itself to cope with disasters.It is not difficult to find that the most serious area of drought is forest destruction and soil erosion.Because of vegetation destruction, soil erosion, land and stone desertification and the change of hydrogeological environment, the ecological capacity of local water conservation has weakened and turned into a huge man-made disaster.
【作者单位】：云南大学西南环境史研究所;
【基金】：云南大学2009年重点学科建设项目“西南环境史研究” 云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才第12批培养项目“西南环境史”(编号:W8011303)
【分类号】：P426.616;K27

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