民国时期江南农村金融研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 19:29

本文选题：江南 + 传统农村金融　；参考：《苏州大学》2011年博士论文

【摘要】：农村金融是指农村货币资金的融通以及与此有关的各种经济活动的总称,主要为农业生产和农民生活提供资金保障,在农村经济发展中占有重要地位。民国时期的江南农村金融,主要由传统农村金融与现代农村金融组成,二者在矛盾斗争与相互合作中生存发展,具有典型的二元金融结构特征。江南农村传统金融包括传统高利贷借贷关系以及典当、钱庄、合会等传统金融组织,江南农村现代金融包括银行在江南农村的农贷活动以及银行农贷的中介——农村信用合作社和农业仓库等现代金融组织。高利贷,是农村传统借贷关系中的最基本的层次,在民国时期江南农村得到延续与发展。江南农村高利贷主要有货币借贷、实物借贷及二者衍生的其他借贷形式,是江南农村农民最主要的借款来源。高利贷借贷的消极影响和负面作用十分明显,但能够长期存在并继续发展,说明在江南农村有其存在的社会基础和经济基础。典当、钱庄和合会是江南农村传统金融组织的代表,民国时期在逐步衰落中发展。典当、钱庄和合会,在组织管理、运作经营上,均呈现出不同的特点,在江南农村借贷中占有重要地位,具有一定的社会经济功能。因此,要复兴江南农村经济,不能忽视传统金融组织的作用,应该充分认识和发挥传统金融组织的功能。银行是现代金融组织的典型代表,是社会经济发展的必然产物。北洋政府和国民政府出于维护自身统治的需要,积极规划现代农村金融体系,筹设现代农村金融网络,以银行的农贷活动为标志的江南农村现代金融逐步建立和发展。银行在江南农村的农贷活动,缓解了江南农村金融危机,促进了江南农村经济复苏和发展,但不能从根本解决问题。信用合作社和农业仓库是银行农村放款的中介,是江南农村现代金融组织。现代农村金融组织与传统农村金融组织相比,具有组织机构健全、法律法规完善、业务经营多样等特点,对传统农村金融形成一定的冲击力,对江南农村经济和农民生活产生了一定的积极影响,但由于自身的制度设计上和执行上的缺陷,还不能完全取代传统农村金融,更不可能从根本上改变江南农村的现状。民国时期江南农村金融的发展实际上是从传统金融向现代金融的转型,促使民国时期江南农村金融转型的因素是多方面的,既有外国银行侵入的影响,也有江南农村经济嬗变、现代农村金融理论宣传和政府积极参与等的共同推动。民国时期江南农村金融呈现出二元金融结构、混合发展模式、政府强制主导与农民被动接受等特征。民国时期江南农村金融的转型是近代江南农村经济现代化的重要组成部分之一,由于种种原因,这一时期江南农村金融的转型是不成功的,但也给我们提供了一些重要的经验与启迪。
[Abstract]:Rural finance refers to the rural monetary fund financing and the related economic activities, mainly for funding agricultural production and farmers' life, occupies an important position in the development of rural economy. Jiangnan Rural Finance, mainly from the traditional rural finance and modern rural finance, the two contradictions in the survival and development the struggle and cooperation, with a typical two yuan financial structure. Jiangnan traditional rural finance including traditional usury and pawn, banks, will the traditional financial organizations, including Jiangnan rural modern financial bank in the rural southern bank credit intermediary nongdai activities and rural credit cooperatives and agricultural warehouse and other modern financial organizations.
Usury, is the traditional rural lending relationship in the most basic level, continue and develop in the period of the Republic of China. Rural Jiangnan Jiangnan Rural Usury mainly in the form of money lending, lending and borrowing two derivatives, is the main Jiangnan Rural farmers borrowing sources. The negative impact of usury and the negative effect is very obvious however, the long-term existence and continued development, stating the existence basis of society and economy in the rural areas in the south.
Pawn, banks and is representative of Jiangnan traditional rural financial organization, the development in the Republic of China on the wane. Pawn, and banks will, in the organization and management, operation management, are showing different characteristics, occupies an important position in Jiangnan rural lending, has a certain social and economic function. Therefore, to the revival of the rural economy, can not ignore the role of the traditional financial organizations, should fully understand and play the functions of the traditional financial organizations.
The bank is a typical representative of the modern financial organizations, is the inevitable product of social development. The Beiyang government and the national government for the maintenance of their rule needs, actively planning a modern rural financial system, the establishment of modern rural financial network, the bank nongdai activities as a symbol of the Jiangnan Rural Modern Financial establishment and development in the rural areas in the south bank. The agricultural activities, alleviate the rural financial crisis, promoting the rural economy recovery and development, but can not fundamentally solve the problem.
Credit cooperatives and agricultural warehouse is an intermediary bank lending is rural, rural financial organization in modern Jiangnan modern rural financial organization. Compared with the traditional rural financial organization, has perfect organization, perfect laws and regulations and characteristics of business diversity, the traditional rural finance a certain impact on the rural economy and farmers, life a positive impact, but because of the defects of the system design and implementation of the, also can not completely replace the traditional rural finance, cannot change the status of rural southern fundamentally.
The rural financial development in the Republic of China is actually from the traditional to the modern transformation of the financial finance, factors which contribute to the period of the Republic of China Jiangnan Rural financial transition is various, both the intrusion of the foreign bank, also has the rural economy evolution, promoting the modern rural financial theory propaganda and the government is actively involved in the period of the Republic of South of the Yangtze River. Rural finance has two yuan of financial structure, mixed development pattern, the government forced farmers with the leading passive feature. The rural financial transformation in the Republic of China is an important part of modern Jiangnan rural modernization, due to various reasons, this period of transition of the rural financial is not successful, but we also provide some important experience and enlightenment.

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K258;F832.9

【参考文献】