赫德与中葡澳门交涉

发布时间：2018-04-18 23:18

本文选题：赫德 + 澳门　；参考：《东北师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 赫德在1863年—1908年担任中国海关总税务司,他不仅控制了中国海关,而且其活动涉及政治、军事、经济、文化、外交等诸多方面。在中国和葡萄牙关于澳门问题进行交涉的过程中,赫德的作用不可忽视。本文旨在论述赫德在三个不同阶段介入中葡澳门交涉的程度,厘清其动机以及对该事件起到的作用,从而实事求是地分析赫德作为英籍华官在中西交涉时的角色多重性,客观地评价他在中葡澳门交涉中的地位。这既有利于全面认识和评价赫德,为现今有争议的赫德评价问题提供新的角度和思路,在一定程度上也有助于丰富澳门地方史的研究。本文主要分为五个部分: 第一部分:论述赫德来中国之初,凭借着对中西方文化的了解以及谨慎、圆通的处事方式得到了清政府高层的信任,随后在1862年中葡立约谈判中为清政府提供相关建议,这为他此后介入澳门问题提供了契机。第二部分:赫德在1868年向清政府提出了收购澳门的玛斯计划。这在前人的研究中还不曾涉及,对这一问题的探讨有助于我们全面认识赫德在中葡澳门交涉中的作为。第三部分:赫德亲自参与1886年的澳门谈判。从主观意愿到客观形势,赫德都和澳门问题有不可分割的联系。他的参与使中葡澳门管理权争端加入了更多利益权衡。第四部分:赫德遥控操纵中方代表金登干与葡方达成《里斯本草约》。在达成草约的过程中,赫德扮演了四种角色:一是清政府的外交代表,二是葡方的外交顾问,三是调停者,四是英国利益的维护者,而他在这四种角色之间取得了微妙的平衡。第五部分:赫德促成了1887年《中葡和好通商条约》的签订,并多次重提玛斯计划。在这个过程中,作为中方谈判代表的赫德却为葡萄牙的利益出谋划策,而当清政府对他的行为有异议的时候,他又适时地充当起了局外旁观者的角色。结语部分:通过上述具体史实的阐述,以及对赫德角色的定位和作用的分析,有助于我们了解赫德在上述各个阶段中处理澳门问题的出发点,实际是同中有异,具有多元化。由于自身地位以及客观形势的变化,赫德在处理澳门问题上的角色定位以及方式和手段也是多变而微妙的,而且赫德作为英籍清政府官员在处理对外关系上不免带有“双重效忠”的特点。通过对上述材料的把握,有助于我们全面而客观地看待赫德在中葡澳门交涉中的活动,更准确地把握历史真相。
[Abstract]:Hurd served as the General Taxation Department of China Customs from 1863 to 1908. He not only controlled the Chinese Customs, but also carried out his activities in political, military, economic, cultural, diplomatic and other aspects.In the process of negotiations between China and Portugal on Macao, Hurd's role can not be ignored.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the degree of Hurd's involvement in the negotiations between China and Macao at three different stages, to clarify his motives and their role in the case, and to analyze his role as a British and Chinese official in the negotiations between China and the West in a pragmatic way.Objectively evaluate his position in the negotiations between China and Portugal.This is not only conducive to the comprehensive understanding and evaluation of Hurd, but also helps to enrich the study of Macao's local history to a certain extent, to provide a new perspective and train of thought for the controversial evaluation of Hurd.This paper is divided into five parts:The first part discusses that at the beginning of Hurd's coming to China, with his understanding of Chinese and western culture and caution, Yuantong's way of doing things was trusted by the high level of Qing government, and then he provided relevant suggestions to Qing government in the negotiation of the treaty between China and Portugal in 1862.This provided an opportunity for him to intervene in the Macao issue.Part two: in 1868, Hurd proposed to the Qing government the purchase of Maas in Macau.This has not been discussed in previous studies, and the discussion of this problem will help us to fully understand the role of Hurd in the negotiations between China and Portugal.The third part: Hurd personally participated in the negotiation of Macao in 1886.From subjective will to objective situation, both Hurd and Macao are inextricably linked.His participation has added more trade-offs to the dispute over management rights between China and Portugal.The fourth part: Hurd remote control Chinese representative Kim Denggan and the Portuguese side reached the Treaty of Lisbon.In the process of reaching an agreement, Hurd played four roles: first, diplomatic representative of the Qing government, second, diplomatic adviser to the Portuguese side, third, mediator, and fourth, defender of British interests, and he struck a delicate balance between the four roles.Part V: Hurd made the signing of the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of good Trade in 1887, and repeated the Maas Plan.In the process, Hurd, a Chinese negotiator, advised Portugal's interests, and when the Qing government objected to his actions, he duly acted as an outsider.The conclusion part: through the elaboration of the above specific historical facts and the analysis of the orientation and function of Hurd's role, it is helpful for us to understand the starting point of Hurd's handling of the Macao issue in the above stages.As a result of the changes in his own status and the objective situation, Hurd's role in dealing with the Macao issue and its ways and means are also variable and delicate.And Hurd, as a British official of the Qing government, had the characteristic of "double allegiance" in dealing with foreign relations.It is helpful for us to view the activities of Hurd in the negotiations between China and Portugal and to grasp the historical truth more accurately.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K256

【参考文献】