义和团运动时期东北抗俄群体研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 09:02

本文选题：东北义和团 + 忠义军　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：东北义和团、忠义军和抗俄清军等组织在义和团运动时期掀起反抗沙俄侵略的武装斗争,是近代中国人民反抗列强侵略的一个缩影,它粉碎了沙俄在东北的“黄俄罗斯”计划,体现出自发性、群众性、组织性、连续性特点,为了解清末东北社会和研究中俄关系提供一个视窗,具有重要的学术研究价值。本文以参与抗俄斗争的人群为研究对象,尝试将底层民众与上层社会建立联系,把政治和社会、文化因素结合起来,从社会结构、社会群体与社会变迁的角度去整合、解读义和团运动时期东北地区的抗俄斗争。本文分五章剖析义和团、忠义军和抗俄清军三大抗俄群体,总结各组织抗俄斗争的特点,探究破产农民、手工业者、马贼、散兵溃勇和爱国官员等阶层组织抗俄的原因。具体结构如下：第一章导论,简要论述本文历史背景、选题意义和研究方法,着重回顾东北义和团、忠义军研究领域的学术成果。第二章论述东北反帝抗俄组织义和团。第一节从史料记载中梳理义和团在东北各地的传播情况,从时间上看,光绪二十六年二月义和团在辽宁营口最先出现,到六月初东北义和团运动达到高潮。总体上,义和团是通过水路和陆路先传入邻近直鲁的辽宁,进而逐渐发展到吉林、黑龙江两省的。第二节论述东北义和团的组织构成和斗争特点,东北义和团是在直鲁义和团的影响下兴起的,其组织形式、斗争方式既继承义和团的传统,同时也存在地域特色。第三节论述东北义和团在俄国残暴杀戮和清政府镇压下失败。第三章对忠义军形成、组织构成、战略战术以及与清政府的关系作出剖析与解读。由于国情和组织构成的影响和塑造,较之东北义和团,忠义军在抗俄斗争的表现上有所不同。忠义军是东北义和团被镇压以后,由以刘永和领导的忠义军、杨玉麟率领的镇东军和王和达、董老道为首的义和团余部组成的松散抗俄组织。马贼、溃勇出身的忠义军在长期的斗争过程中,总结出一整套战略战术,掌握精锐的武器装备,一方面给俄军沉重打击,一方面也暴露出马贼流寇的弱点。同时也对东北土匪这一边缘群体影响深远。本章第三节探究清政府与忠义军亦敌亦友的关系,从当时清政府抗俄态度,了解清政府与俄国的关系,从忠义军等下层民众投靠朝廷又复而为匪的史实中,认识中国下层民众对官员抱有既寄托企盼又憎恶恐惧的矛盾心理。第四章对保家卫国的东北清军加以分析。在义和团运动时期的东北抗俄斗争中,统治阶层也扮演重要角色。本章分析东北地区官员对俄国的态度,与抗俄民众的关系,从而解读东北主张抗俄斗争的官兵特点。在是否以武装斗争的方式抗击俄军的问题上,东北官员存在很大分歧,导致东北各个地区清军抗俄的态度和斗争情况并不相同。笔者注意到19世纪末20世纪初东北官员主张抗俄斗争是以忠君为前提的。当朝廷支持抗俄斗争时,忠君与爱国趋于一致,从而激发官员和士兵的爱国思想,表现为抗俄斗争的大无畏精神。但是当朝廷转变政策,使得忠君与爱国思想发生矛盾时,一些官员往往选择与清政府保持一致。第五章分析这些群体抗俄行为的动机和目的,对抗俄群体作全面客观的评价。第一节论述农民阶层政治意识、民族意识、宗教崇拜、文化心理两极性,从思想意识层面探寻东北下层人民从普通百姓到拿起武器抗击侵略军、从马贼到抗俄英雄这种转变的原因。第二节全面、客观审视和评价东北抗俄群体。目前对东北抗俄斗争的研究成果颇丰,其中对义和团、忠义军和抗俄清军的评价不乏存在有失公正的现象。研究历史贵在求真,笔者从抗俄群体的社会环境、个人因素等方面加以分析,认为东北抗俄群体抗击俄国侵略者的行为是多种动机交互作用的结果,其中反抗俄国侵略的爱国主义精神起主要作用。抗俄斗争是近代中国人民反侵略斗争的重要组成部分,体现民众民族意识的觉醒和朴素的爱国主义情感。但是受自身因素局限,在斗争中有思想观念落后、手段方式错误的缺陷,给社会带来一定的破坏性。
[Abstract]:In the period of the Boxer Movement, the Northeast boxer, the loyal and the Russian army and the Qing army set off the armed struggle against the aggression of the tsarist Russia in the period of the Boxer Movement. It was a miniature of the Chinese people's resistance to the aggression of the imperialist powers in modern times. It smashed the "yellow Russia" plan in the northeast of the tsarist Russia, reflecting the characteristics of its nature, mass, organization and continuity, to understand the northeast of the Qing Dynasty. Society and Research on Sino Russian relations provide a window with important academic research value.
This article, taking the crowd of the anti Russian struggle as the research object, tries to connect the bottom people with the upper class society, combine the political and social and cultural factors, integrate the social structure, the social group and the social change, and interpret the anti Russian struggle in the northeastern region of the Boxer Movement during the period of the Boxer Movement. This article is divided into five chapters to analyze the boxer and the loyalty The three major anti Russian groups of the army and the Russian army of the anti Russian army summed up the characteristics of the anti Russian struggle of the organizations, and explored the reasons for the organization of the anti Russian forces, such as the bankrupt peasants, the handicraftsmen, the thieves, the army of the bulk of the soldiers and the patriotic officials. The concrete structure is as follows:
The first chapter is an introduction, which briefly describes the historical background, significance and research methods of this article, and focuses on reviewing the academic achievements of the Northeast China boxer and Zhongyi army.
The second chapter discusses the boxers of the anti imperialist and anti Russian organization in Northeast China. The first section combs the spread of the boxers in the northeast from the historical records. From the time of view, the boxer of the boxer appeared first in Yingkou, Liaoning, in February, and the Boxer Movement in Northeast China reached its climax in the early June. On the whole, the boxer was introduced through the waterway and Lu Luxian. Neighboring Zhuru Liaoning, and then gradually develop to Jilin and Heilongjiang two provinces. The second section discusses the organizational structure and struggle characteristics of the Northeast boxer. The Northeast boxer is springing up under the influence of Zhuru Yi and the group. Its organization form, the way of struggle not only inherits the tradition of the boxers, but also has regional characteristics. The third section discusses the Northeast meaning and the third section. The regiment failed under the brutal killing of Russia and the suppression of the Qing government.
The third chapter makes an analysis and interpretation of the formation, composition, strategic and tactics and the relationship with the Qing government. Due to the influence and molding of the national conditions and organization, the loyalty army is different from the Northeast boxers in the struggle against Russia. The loyal army is the loyal and loyal army led by Liu Yonghe after the Northeast boxer was suppressed. A loose anti Russian organization, led by Yu Lin, led by the eastern army and Wang Heda, and Dong Lao Dao as the leader of the boxer League. The horse thieves, the loyal and loyal army who broke up in the long struggle, summed up a complete set of strategic and tactical tactics, mastered sharp weapons and equipment. On the one hand, they hit the Russian army heavy and exposed the weakness of the roid rob. The third section of this chapter explores the relationship between the Qing government and the loyal and loyal army as well as the friends of the enemy. From the attitude of the Qing government at that time, the relationship between the Qing government and the Russians was understood, and from the historical facts of the restoration of the government from the lower level of the loyal army to the court and the bandits. The paradox of fear of fear.
The fourth chapter analyzes the Northeast Qing army of the boxer's country. In the period of the Boxer Movement, the ruling class also plays an important role. This chapter analyzes the attitude of the officials in the northeast and the relations with the anti Russian people, so as to interpret the characteristics of the officers and men in the northeast, which advocates the struggle against Russia. On the issue of the Russian army, there were great differences in the Northeast officials, which led to the different attitudes and struggles between the army and the army in the northeast. The author noted that in the late nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, the Northeast officials advocated the struggle against Russia on the premise of loyalty to the emperor. The patriotic thought of the soldiers was shown as the dauntless spirit of the struggle against Russia. However, some officials often chose to keep in line with the Qing government when the government changed policy and made the loyalty of loyalty and patriotism conflicted.
The fifth chapter analyzes the motives and aims of these groups of anti Russian behavior, and makes a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the Russian group. The first section discusses the political consciousness of the peasants, the national consciousness, the religious worship, and the cultural and psychological polarity. From the ideological level, the people of the northeastern lower strata from the common surname to the armed forces to fight against the aggression, from the thieves to the anti Russian and British. The second section is a comprehensive, objective review and evaluation of the Northeast anti Russian group. At present, the research results of the Northeast anti Russian struggle are quite fruitful. Among them, there are no lack of impartiality in the evaluation of the boxers, the loyal army and the army of the anti Russian army. The history of the study is valuable in seeking truth, and the author from the social environment and individual factors of the anti Russian group. It is considered that the behavior of the Northeast anti Russian group against the Russian aggressors is the result of the interaction of various motives, and the patriotic spirit of resistance to the Russian aggression plays a major role. The struggle against Russia is an important part of the anti aggression struggle of the Chinese people in modern times, reflecting the awakening of the people's national consciousness and the simple patriotism. However, due to the limitations of their own factors, there are some shortcomings in the struggle, such as backward ideas and wrong ways and means, which will bring certain damage to the society.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K256.7

【参考文献】