近代申汇研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 15:29

本文选题：申汇 + 汇兑网络　；参考：《东华大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在十九世纪后半叶到二十世纪三十年代期间,上海既是全国范围内最大的转口贸易中心,也是全国的商业中心。金融是经济的血液,大量的来往款项需要一个强有力的金融工具来支撑,这个金融工具须集结算信贷汇兑于一体,这个金融工具就是申汇。汉口、天津、青岛、重庆、宁波等地都有申汇市场,申汇又可称作“上海头寸”,申汇正是凭借其特点和优势,能够为企业提供短期融资工具,它是近代银行贷款和投机性强的股票市场不能替代的融资手段。因此,对申汇的研究应该是经济史上的重要内容,尤其是金融史。首先,我们将阐述申汇产生的历史背景、申汇具体的市场构成以及申汇发挥出来的独特作用。近代货币制度紊乱但商业发展迅速,对于标准行市的需求旺盛,因此在天津、汉口、重庆等地区形成了大大小小的申汇市场。申汇是集结算、汇兑、信贷于一体的金融工具,在近代货币制度改革中发挥了不可替代的作用。其次,我们将根据各地申汇市场具体的计算公式推演出近代中国的汇兑网络。申汇是一种埠际资金调拨方式,近代中国金融市场以申汇为线索将各地的申汇市场联系起来,形成了以上海为中心的全国范围内的汇兑体系。并且在天津、汉口、重庆等次级汇兑中心的辐射下,商埠之间形成了具体的金融网络,使商埠之间的资金调拨畅通无阻。再次,我们将探究申汇的价格变动趋势并具体研究其影响因素。我们选取天津、汉口、重庆、青岛等地的申汇市场作为分析样本,研究发现,近代申汇的价格呈波浪式周期性变动,并且存在波峰波谷。影响价格变动的因素可以分为经济原因与非经济原因,经济原因就是由申汇计算公式直接决定申汇价格,但是也有可能因为非经济原因导致申汇换算公式失灵进而直接影响申汇价格。最后,我们将再回归到近代经济社会中考察申汇。申汇的广泛使用促进了埠际商品流通,汇兑网络对应着商品网络,彼此互为促进。申汇的最终结算地是在上海,上海金融实力雄厚,申汇的流通完善了埠际之间的结算体系,提供了标准行市,因此申汇能作为近代全国统一市场形成的一个标志。以申汇为主的汇兑是近代经济和金融活动的重要内容,为工业经济发展商埠之间的货物往来提供了服务。申汇也是这是近代金融机构所使用的重要工具,其价格的变动不仅体现出“看不见的手”自发的调整,也可以很明显的看到政治社会因素对于金融市场的影响。中国具体国情产生的具体的申汇制度,对于现代金融业的制度建设也能提供一定的借鉴。研究近代上海金融发展衍生出来的申汇对于上海今天的金融市场有借鉴意义,对于金融工具的开发更能直接提供借鉴,对于民间金融的放开无疑更具有指导意义。
[Abstract]:From the second half of the 19th century to the 1930s, Shanghai was the largest entrepot trade center in the whole country and the commercial center of the whole country. Finance is the blood of economy, a large amount of current money needs a strong financial instrument to support, this financial instrument must set settlement credit exchange in one, this financial instrument is foreign exchange. Hankou, Tianjin, Qingdao, Chongqing, Ningbo and other places have foreign exchange claims markets, which can also be called "Shanghai positions". It is precisely by virtue of their characteristics and advantages that they can provide short-term financing tools for enterprises. It is a modern bank loan and speculative stock market can not replace the financing means. Therefore, the study of foreign exchange should be an important part of economic history, especially financial history. First of all, we will explain the historical background, the specific market composition and the unique role of Shen. The modern currency system is disordered but the commercial development is rapid, the demand for the standard market is exuberant, therefore in Tianjin, Hankou, Chongqing and so on the area has formed the large and small foreign exchange market. Foreign exchange is a financial instrument which integrates settlement, exchange and credit, and plays an irreplaceable role in the reform of modern monetary system. Secondly, we will deduce the exchange network of modern China according to the specific formula of foreign exchange market. The application of foreign exchange is a mode of transfer of funds between ports. In modern China, the financial market links the foreign exchange market in various places with the clue of applying for foreign exchange, and forms a nationwide exchange system with Shanghai as the center. And in Tianjin, Hankou, Chongqing and other secondary exchange center radiation, commercial ports between the formation of a specific financial network, the transfer of funds between commercial ports unimpeded. Again, we will explore the price trend of foreign exchange and specific factors affecting it. We choose Tianjin, Hankou, Chongqing, Qingdao and other places as samples to analyze the foreign exchange market. The research shows that the price of foreign exchange claims in modern times fluctuates periodically, and there are peaks and troughs. The factors that affect the price change can be divided into economic reasons and non-economic reasons. Economic reasons are determined directly by the formula for foreign exchange claims. However, it is also possible that non-economic reasons may lead to the failure of the conversion formula of foreign exchange claims, which will directly affect the price of foreign exchange claims. Finally, we will return to the modern economic society to investigate the exchange. The extensive use of foreign exchange promotes the circulation of commodities between ports, and the exchange network promotes each other. The final settlement place of foreign exchange is in Shanghai, Shanghai has a strong financial strength, and the circulation of foreign exchange has improved the settlement system between ports and provided the standard market. Therefore, Shenghuneng is a symbol of the formation of the unified market in modern China. Exchange based on foreign exchange is an important part of economic and financial activities in modern times, which provides services for the exchange of goods between commercial and commercial ports of industrial economic development. This is also an important tool used by modern financial institutions. The price changes not only reflect the spontaneous adjustment of "invisible hand", but also clearly see the influence of political and social factors on the financial market. The specific foreign exchange application system produced by China's specific national conditions can also provide some reference for the system construction of modern financial industry. The study of the foreign exchange derived from the financial development of modern Shanghai has reference significance for Shanghai's financial market today, more direct reference for the development of financial instruments, and undoubtedly more guiding significance for the liberalization of private finance.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K26;F752.9

【参考文献】