1902-1931年间达尔罕旗放垦中的贵族纠纷

发布时间：2018-04-22 03:06

本文选题：内蒙古 + 达尔罕旗　；参考：《郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年01期

【摘要】：1907-1931年间,内蒙古哲里木盟达尔罕旗经历了7次放垦,贵族因争夺土地权益而起的纠纷不断出现。其原因主要包括三个方面:清廷对蒙地的"大放垦、小禁垦"政策给私垦足够的发展空间,却未尝试建立有效的管理机制;该旗未垦荒地较多却又缺乏有力的领导者;清末新政期间开始官放,民国初期也将垦权下放到蒙古贵族手中,极大地鼓励了蒙古贵族积极追求农业利益,垦务政策的转变成为达尔罕旗贵族纠纷表面化、白热化的关键转折点。贵族围绕放垦的纠纷经历了表面化、白热化、持续扩大与深化四个阶段。清廷在20世纪初期推行蒙地放垦政策之后,贵族之间的纠纷由明争暗斗变为公开的利益争夺。民国初年,贵族开始动用武力来解决垦务纠纷。此后,贵族的争夺转向了熟地乃至剩余的牧场,影响到下层民众的生计和游牧经济的存续。实际上,在1939年伪满政府实行"蒙地奉上"政策之前,蒙古贵族掌握着蒙地的管辖权和收益权,并成为推动蒙地放垦的重要力量。
[Abstract]:From 1907 to 1931, Dahhan Banner of Inner Mongolia Chellimu League experienced seven reclamations, and the disputes between the nobility and the aristocrats for the land rights and interests appeared constantly. The main reasons include three aspects: the Qing government's policy of "releasing the land in a big way, banning the small reclamation" policy to give enough development space to the cultivation of private land, but not trying to establish an effective management mechanism, the flag has more uncultivated wasteland but lacks of powerful leaders; During the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty, the official release began, and in the early period of the Republic of China, the reclamation power was also transferred to the Mongolian nobles, which greatly encouraged the Mongolian nobles to actively pursue the interests of agriculture, and the change of the reclamation policy became superficial in the dispute between the nobility of Dalhanqi. The key turning point of white-hot. The nobility experienced four stages: superficial, white-hot, expanding and deepening. After the Qing Dynasty carried out the policy of land reclamation in the early 20 th century, the disputes between nobility changed from infighting to openly competing for interests. In the early years of the Republic of China, the nobility began to use force to resolve disputes over reclamation. Since then, the struggle for aristocrats has shifted to the ripe fields and even the remaining pastures, affecting the livelihood of the underclass and the survival of the nomadic economy. In fact, before the puppet Manchu government carried out the policy of "Mongol offering" in 1939, the Mongolian aristocrats held the jurisdiction and the right to profit of the Mongol, and became an important force to promote the reclamation of the Mongol.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学清史所;
【分类号】：K25;D929

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