西潼铁路筹建史研究（1905-1911）

发布时间：2018-04-29 04:07

本文选题：西潼铁路 + 现代化　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：西潼铁路是近代陕西省筹建的第一条铁路。诸多因素驱使各方考虑筹修西潼铁路的“动力选择”,主要包括:清廷准许各省自办铁路和粤汉铁路的收回引起的各省自建铁路的热潮;防止外国人对陕西路权的窥伺;陕西连接东西在巩固西北边防上的重要性;铁路对开通商务、变通风气等社会经济的促进作用,这些是驱使各方考虑筹修西潼铁路的“动力选择”。然而,西潼铁路从开始的“动力选择”上,即深深地打上了国运衰微的烙印,自保路权和巩固边防成为最首要的因素,而铁路最基本的社会经济功效,则成为次要的筹筑动力。西潼铁路的从1905年至1911年,经历了“官商合办”、商办、收归国有三个阶段,蹉跎复蹉跎,始终处于阶段,而未有尺寸进展。筹修西潼铁路本是现代化事业中的一项经济问题,但在当时的社会环境中却被赋予了更多的政治意义,鲜明地体现出了社会转型。整个过程中,参与其中的包括政府、民间、外国三股势力。政府力量对铁路的修建从理想化到重现实、规划明晰,反应出其理性化的一面,但其内部已经严重分裂,官僚集团在具体施政方针上难以达成共识,政府的权威丧失,失去社会控制能力,无力整合支持修造铁路而又相互对立的各方。民间力量方面,农民是被裹挟者,是社会转型成本的负担者,因此加重了对现代化的误解和对清廷的仇视。士绅是领导者,学生是先锋军,他们从传统体制内脱离出来,“改变了政治力量对比”,处于政府的对立面,用现代思维评判政府,用现代传播媒介争取路权,把保路自办作为现实地方自治和民族独立的具体途径,却显得执拗而过于情绪化。铁路的中,一直存在着自上而下和自下而上两条路径,这种路径的博弈反应出现代化发展的不同操作取向,即权利与资源由谁来掌握的问题。而外国力量的介入,总是被外界视为其与政府力量的勾结,引起民间力量的警觉,成为政府力量与民间力量进一步对立的催化剂,政府的“媚外”形象已经在民众心中定格。围绕西潼铁路的可以看到,现代化事业中掺杂着错综复杂的纠葛,映射出社会转型的实态,社会控制机制的失效,各方的蜕变和离心倾向,现代因素的增长,使得清廷统治潜存着权利与利益之间结构性裂变的深刻危机,脆弱而孤立的清廷无力应对这些困境与转变,只能是奄奄待毙了。
[Abstract]:Xitong Railway is the first railway to be built in modern Shaanxi Province. Many factors have driven all parties to consider the "power choice" for the construction of Xitong railway, including: the upsurge of self-built railway caused by the Qing government's permission to run the railway by itself and the return of the Yueh-Han railway, the prevention of foreigners from peeping into the right of Shaanxi Road; The importance of linking east and west in Shaanxi to consolidate the northwest frontier defense, and the promotion of railway to the social economy, such as opening commerce and changing atmosphere, are the "power choices" that drive all parties to consider the construction of Xitong railway. However, from the beginning of the "power choice" of the Xitong Railway, it was deeply marked by the decline of national luck, and the self-protection of road rights and the consolidation of frontier defense became the most important factors, while the most basic social and economic efficacy of the railway became the secondary motive force for building. From 1905 to 1911, Xitong Railway went through three stages of "joint operation of government and commerce", business management and nationalization. It was an economic problem in the modernization of the Xitong Railway, but it was endowed with more political significance in the social environment at that time, which clearly reflected the social transformation. Throughout the process, the participation of the government, civil society, foreign forces. From idealization to reality to the construction of railway, the government forces have clearly planned and reflected its rational side. However, its internal structure has been seriously divided, and it is difficult for bureaucrats to reach a consensus on specific administrative objectives, and the authority of the government is lost. The loss of social control, the inability to integrate support for the construction of railways and opposing parties. In the aspect of folk forces, peasants are the victims and the burden of the cost of social transformation, thus aggravating the misunderstanding of modernization and hatred of the Qing government. The gentry are the leaders and the students are the vanguard. They break away from the traditional system, "change the balance of political power", stand on the opposite side of the government, judge the government with modern thinking, and fight for the right of way with the modern media. It is obstinate and too emotional to take the road protection as the concrete way of local autonomy and national independence. In railway, there are always two paths: top-down and bottom-up. The game of this path reflects the different operational orientations of modern development, that is, who controls the rights and resources. The intervention of foreign forces is always regarded by the outside world as collusion with government forces, arousing the vigilance of folk forces, and becoming a catalyst for further antagonism between government forces and folk forces, and the image of the government as "obsequious to foreign affairs" has been fixed in the minds of the public. It can be seen around the Xitong Railway that there are intricate entanglements in the cause of modernization, reflecting the reality of social transformation, the failure of social control mechanisms, the disintegration and centrifugal tendency of all parties, and the growth of modern factors. The deep crisis of structural fission between rights and interests existed in the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and the weak and isolated Qing Dynasty was unable to cope with these difficulties and changes, and could only be moribund.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K252

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