抗战时期重庆保险业述论

发布时间：2018-05-06 01:25

本文选题：抗战时期 + 保险业　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：一九七七年七月七日,卢沟桥事变的爆发拉开了中国抗日战争的序幕。中国的大部分地区都是处在战火的硝烟弥漫下,经济方面也被侵略者所控制。以上海为中心的保险业在这时也是随着南京国民政府的西迁转移到重庆。重庆地区的保险业也是在经历了之前的萌芽阶段,形成阶段以后,进入了发展阶段。虽然受到战争的影响,但是由于重庆地区偏居西南一隅,天然的地理优势使得保险业在重庆的发展又迎来了新的篇章。中国古代的保险思想和赈济措施为国民时期尤其是抗战时期重庆地区的保险业奠定了牢固的基础,再加上当时中国的先进知识分子对西方保险思想的不断传播,使我国的保险业发展既有西方保险的框架,又有民族保险的内容。本文主要是研究抗战时期的重庆地区保险业发展概况。国民政府迁都重庆后,不仅将重庆定位为大后方的政治中心,同样也是经济的中心。保险业在抗战前也经历了一段发展的时期,当时的保险机构大多数是由外商资本投资建立的,但是国民政府西迁以后,为了更好的控制后方经济的命脉,国民政府决定投资开办新的保险机构。而当时的中央信托局的保险部(产物保险处和人寿保险处)就是国民政府主要投资筹办的,不仅如此,由国民政府筹办的保险机构还有中国产物保险公司、中国人寿保险公司、邮政储金汇业局、资源委员会保险事务所、太平洋产物保险公司和中国农业保险公司等八家机构。而地方政府投资的保险机构相对就比较少,只有在少数省份出现。官办保险公司虽然在后方保险业中占据着主要的位置,但是抗战时期的保险市场中也有一些民办保险机构的存在。这些保险机构主要是由金融界或者工商界的人士投办的,但是由于政治环境的复杂以及民办保险机构的力量弱小,这些保险机构利用各种方法来招揽业务,一度使抗战时期的保险市场出现过激烈竞争的现象。在当时的情况下,还有一类特殊形式的保险组织,就是民安保险公司,它代表着共产党在分析当时的保险市场形势以后,正确地执行党的抗日统一战线政策的结果。外商保险势力在抗战后方的保险业中逐渐地衰退,而在农村却兴起了一些保险合作组织,来对农民的家畜进行承保。后方保险机构不断形成的过程中,也出现了一些特定时期的特殊保险种类。大后方的保险业除了办理一般的财产保险和人寿保险以外,还有应战争而开办的战时运输兵险和陆地兵险。战时兵险的创办为国民政府内迁和后方经济的发展都起到了良好的效果。为了适应人民的生活需要,川江盐运保险业应运而生,为了能够保证盐运保险的顺利开展,川盐银行保险部还创办了水上防灾防损的查证措施。这些特殊时期的保险种类丰富了抗战时期重庆保险业,也从一定程度上显示了重庆保险业的发展。这一时期政府根据经济的需要,制定了相关的政策和法规来对保险业进行监管,《战时保险业管理办法》及其实施细则就是大后方保险业的保险基本法,而且根据这部“基本法”的规定,国民政府还制定了《水险保险单基本条款》、《火险保险单基本条款》及《人寿保险单基本条款》,这些保险法规共同构成了抗战时期重庆保险机构的行为规范。国民政府还通过保险公会来对保险机构进行监督和管理。总体来说抗战时期重庆的保险业经历了从繁荣到逐渐衰退的过程,在日本投降以后,保险业的中心又转移到了上海。但是抗战时期重庆保险业还是具有一定的历史价值的,虽然没有继续繁荣地发展下去,但还是在民国时期的保险业开展过程中起着承前启后的作用,为建国后的保险业打下了一定的基础,开拓了新的保险历史章程。
[Abstract]:On July 7 , 1987 , the outbreak of the Lukouchiao Incident opened the curtain of China ' s War of Resistance Against Japan . Most of China ' s areas are under fire and economic aspects are controlled by the invaders . In this case , the insurance industry in Shanghai is also being transferred to Chongqing along with the west of the Nanjing National Government . The insurance industry in Chongqing is also in the development stage after the formation stage .

Despite the influence of the war , the natural geographical advantage has brought a new chapter in the development of the insurance industry in Chongqing . The ancient Chinese insurance thoughts and relief measures laid a solid foundation for the insurance industry in Chongqing during the national period , especially in the period of the Anti - Japanese War .

This paper is mainly about the development of insurance industry in Chongqing during the period of Anti - Japanese War . After the national government moved to Chongqing , not only Chongqing was located as the political center behind the big rear , but also the center of the economy . The insurance industry also experienced a period of development before the War of Resistance . At that time , in order to better control the life of the rear economy , the National Government decided to invest in the establishment of the new insurance institution . The insurance company , which was then organized by the National Government , had eight institutions , such as China Product Insurance Company , China Life Insurance Company , Postal Savings Exchange Bureau , Resource Board Insurance Office , Pacific Products Insurance Company and China Agricultural Insurance Company . The insurance institutions invested by local governments were relatively few , only in a few provinces .

Although the government insurance companies occupy the main position in the rear insurance industry , there are also some private insurance institutions in the insurance market in the anti - war period . These insurance institutions are mainly invested by the financial or business people , but because of the complexity of the political environment and the weak power of the private insurance institutions , these insurance institutions use various methods to solicit business , which once made the insurance market in the anti - war period to have fierce competition .

At that time , there was also a kind of special kind of insurance organization , which is the People ' s Insurance Company , which represents the result of the Party ' s anti - Japanese united front policy after analyzing the current insurance market situation . The foreign insurance forces gradually declined in the insurance industry behind the anti - war , and some insurance cooperative organizations have emerged in the countryside to cover the farmers ' livestock .

In addition to the general property insurance and life insurance , the insurance industry in the rear has a good effect to the development of the movement and the rear economy of the National Government . In order to meet the needs of the people ' s life , the Sichuan salt transport insurance industry has also established a water disaster prevention and damage prevention measure . The insurance types in these special periods enrich the insurance industry in Chongqing during the period of anti - war , and also show the development of Chongqing insurance industry to some extent .

In this period , according to the needs of the economy , the relevant policies and regulations have been formulated to regulate the insurance industry .

In general , the insurance industry in Chongqing has experienced the process from prosperity to decline . After the surrender of Japan , the center of the insurance industry has shifted to Shanghai . However , the insurance industry in Chongqing has a certain historical value , although it has not continued to flourish . However , it has played an important role in the insurance industry during the period of the Republic of China . It has laid a foundation for the insurance industry after the founding of the People ' s Republic of China , and opened up new articles of insurance history .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265

【参考文献】