洋务运动时期中国科技教育研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 01:38

本文选题：洋务运动时期 + 科技教育　；参考：《成都理工大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 洋务运动时期的科技教育是中国近代科技教育的起步和探索阶段,它对真正意义上的近代科技在中国的传播、学习和普及有着重要作用,在中国古老的农耕文明中注入了外来的以科技为基础的异质文化,使中国传统教育发生了深刻变化。尽管由于各种因素,洋务科技教育未能达到预期成效,但研究和审视这段历史,给正在建设创新型国家的当代中国科技教育以启示,正是论文研究目的和意义所在。论文首先介绍了洋务运动时期科技教育产生和兴起的历史背景,“西学东渐”的近代西方外来文化因素和内忧外患的晚清时局是催生洋务科技教育的外部条件。而中国古代科技教育的优秀传统、传统教育的弊端和新式知识阶层的诞生,为洋务科技教育的兴起准备了文化、舆论等社会基础,构成了催生洋务科技教育的内部因素。论文接着分析了中国传统社会的政治、经济和文化等社会环境对洋务科技教育的影响;在教育过程中,中西异质文化的矛盾逐渐形成的“中体西用”指导思想,把洋务科技教育束缚在“器物”层面,未能达到制度和精神的层次。作为洋务事业内容之一的洋务科技教育,表现出鲜明时代的特征以及对近代中国社会进程产生的影响。论文以实践科技教育的新式学堂、留学教育、教会学校、新式书院和企业等史实,介绍了洋务科技教育的具体开展情况,并从科技实物、译书出版、外国教师和传播媒体等方面介绍了科技教育的资源,从而揭示出洋务科技教育的历史概貌。论文从科技教育指导思想、科技教育主体、科技教育内容和科技教育保障机制等四个方面,把洋务科技教育与处同一历史时期的日本明治维新科技教育进行了比较,着重于两者之间差异。有惊人相似的历史背景、大体相同的过程和内容的洋务科技教育和明治维新科技教育,最终结果不同,值得深思。最后,论文对洋务科技教育给中国教育发展的影响以客观公正的评价,并从洋务科技教育的思想、科学的内在价值、办学规模和质量以及文化等方面进行反思,进而得出对在当代创新型国家建设背景下的科技教育的启示。
[Abstract]:Science and technology education during the Westernization Movement was the beginning and exploration stage of Chinese modern science and technology education, which played an important role in the dissemination, study and popularization of modern science and technology in the true sense in China. The foreign heterogeneous culture based on science and technology has been injected into the ancient Chinese agricultural civilization, which has made profound changes in Chinese traditional education. Although the scientific and technological education of Westernization failed to achieve the expected results due to various factors, it is precisely the purpose and significance of the thesis to study and examine this section of history and to enlighten the contemporary Chinese science and technology education which is building an innovative country. The paper first introduces the historical background of the emergence and rise of science and technology education during the Westernization Movement. The foreign cultural factors and the internal and external situation of the late Qing Dynasty are the external conditions for the emergence of science and technology education in Westernization. The excellent tradition of Chinese ancient science and technology education, the malpractice of traditional education and the birth of new knowledge class have prepared the culture, public opinion and other social foundation for the rise of science and technology education of Westernization, and have formed the internal factor that gave birth to the science and technology education of foreign affairs. The paper then analyzes the influence of the social environment such as politics, economy and culture in the traditional Chinese society on the science and technology education of Westernization, and in the process of education, the contradiction between Chinese and Western heterogeneous cultures gradually forms the guiding ideology of "the use of the Chinese and the West". The education of Westernization science and technology is tied to the level of "utensils" and fails to reach the level of system and spirit. As one of the contents of Westernization, Westernization science and technology education shows the distinctive characteristics of the times and its influence on the social progress of modern China. Based on the historical facts of new schools of science and technology education, study abroad education, church schools, new academies and enterprises, the paper introduces the specific development of science and technology education in Westernization, and publishes the translated books from scientific and technological objects. Foreign teachers and media introduced the resources of science and technology education, thus revealing the history of science and technology education in Westernization. This paper compares the scientific and technological education of Westernization with that of Meiji Restoration in Japan in the same historical period from four aspects: the guiding ideology of science and technology education, the subject of science and technology education, the content of science and technology education and the guarantee mechanism of science and technology education. Focus on the difference between the two. The Westernization Science and Technology Education and the Meiji Restoration Science and Technology Education, which have a striking similar historical background and roughly the same process and content, have different final results and are worth pondering. Finally, the paper gives an objective and fair evaluation of the impact of Westernization science and technology education on the development of Chinese education, and reflects on the thought, the intrinsic value of science and technology, the scale and quality of running a school, and culture. Then the enlightenment to the science and technology education under the background of the construction of the modern innovative country is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K256.1

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