清末民国时期新疆汉文化传播研究（1884-1949）

发布时间：2018-05-15 08:05

本文选题：清末民国 + 新疆　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：在独特的生态环境、地理条件和历史背景下形成的新疆多元文化,是中华多元一体文化格局中不可分割的组成部分。中原地区汉文化至晚从西汉时期就已经进入天山南北,成为新疆多元文化的重要组成部分。清朝统一天山南北之后,尤其是光绪十年(1884年)建省以后,新疆在行政上与内地划一,更多的中原人移住新疆进行开发建设,汉文化在新疆的传播进入了历史上新的阶段。梳理新疆建省至民国时期汉文化在新疆多元文化背景中传播的线索、阐明汉文化在近代新疆社会发展中的作用,不仅可以深化人们对近代新疆多元民族文化格局形成的认识,而且也能够进一步丰富和完善中华民族多元一体文化格局的理论。清末民国时期新疆汉文化的传播是在特定的历史背景下进行的。新疆建省以后,清政府在新疆围绕建省及“新政”进行了一系列改革,新疆的交通、通讯条件得以改善,中原人赴疆更为便利和频繁。清朝及民国以后新疆历任主政者的文化政策,以及该时期以各民族团结抵抗外来侵略、维护祖国统一为主流的民族关系,为汉文化在新疆的传播与发展提供了良好的社会环境。该时期汉文化传播的主体主要有入疆屯田的士卒、农民、遣犯,以及来自内地各省的商人、主政官员、遣员、手工业者、艺术工作者等等。汉文化在新疆传播的内容不仅包括中原成熟的农作生产文化、衣食住行等方面的物质生活文化,还包含中原地区以汉人为代表的宗教信仰、汉语方言、岁时节庆文化、传统戏曲艺术等方面。其传播的途径也较以前更为多样,不仅通过祀典活动、文献与文学作品传播,还通过会馆、学校教育等途径传播,在民国时期甚至还出现了新闻、话剧、电影等新式传播途径。清末民国时期新疆汉文化传播具有传播区域的广泛性与不平衡性、传播的阶段性与时代性、传播内容的全面性与丰富性三个特点。该时期汉文化传播的范围遍及天山南北,但其影响程度受内地移民分布格局的限制,呈现出“北重南轻”的特点。在这六十余年当中,汉文化传播的总体态势呈活跃状态,其间社会稳定、经济发展、民族关系和谐时,汉文化的传播速度快、范围广；反之则出现缓慢发展状态。在多种多样的传播途径下,其传播内容丰富全面,不仅包括物态文化层、制度文化层、行为文化层,而且包括心态文化层。该时期,新疆汉文化也具有其自身鲜明的特点。它不但与中原汉文化一脉相承,具有传承性和民族性,而且具有因中原移民迁出地多元而产生的多元性与地域性,更具有汉文化在新疆少数民族多元文化背景下形成的创造性。清末民国时期独特的新疆汉文化具有不同于其他文化传播的作用,首先,它维系着新疆世居汉人的认同,成为“老新疆”的身份标签；其次,清末民国时期的新疆汉文化,是新疆近代化,尤其是文化近代化的重要推动力；最后,清末民国时期的新疆汉文化,奠定了近现代以汉文化发挥主导作用的新疆多元文化格局的基础。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang multiculturalism, formed under the unique ecological environment, geographical conditions and historical background, is an integral part of the Chinese multicultural pattern. The Han culture in the Central Plains has entered the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains from the Western Han Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty. After ten years of Guangxu (1884), Xinjiang was established in the administration with the mainland, more central plains people moved to Xinjiang for development and construction. The spread of Han culture in Xinjiang entered a new stage of history. It clarified the Chinese culture in the multicultural background of Xinjiang during the period of Xinjiang's construction and the period of the Republic of China, and clarified that Han culture was in modern Xinjiang. The role of social development can not only deepen people's understanding of the multi ethnic cultural pattern in modern Xinjiang, but also further enrich and improve the theory of the multicultural pattern of the Chinese nation.
In the period of the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the communication of Han culture in Xinjiang was carried out in a specific historical background. After the construction of Xinjiang Province, the Qing government carried out a series of reforms around the province and the "New Deal" in Xinjiang. The traffic and communication conditions of Xinjiang were improved, the Central Plains people were more convenient and frequent in Xinjiang. The prose of Xinjiang as the main political person after the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China was established after the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. In this period, the main body of the communication of Chinese culture was the soldiers of Xinjiang, the peasants, the offenders, the businessmen and the officials from the provinces of the mainland. The contents of the Han culture in Xinjiang not only include the mature farming culture of the Central Plains, the material life and culture of the food and clothing, the Chinese dialect, the Chinese dialect, the festival culture, the traditional opera art and so on. More diverse than before, not only through the ceremony, literature and literary works, but also through the hall, school education and other ways to spread. In the Republic of China, there were even new ways of news, drama, film and other ways of communication.
In the period of the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the communication of Han culture in Xinjiang had three characteristics: the universality and imbalances of the region, the stage and the times of the communication, the comprehensiveness and richness of the communication content. The spread of Chinese culture spread throughout the north and south of Tianshan, but its influence was limited by the distribution pattern of the immigrants in the mainland, showing a "north and South light". In the last sixty years, the overall situation of the communication of Han culture is active. During the period of social stability, economic development and harmonious ethnic relations, the spread of Chinese culture is fast and wide; on the other hand, there is a state of slow development. Under various channels of communication, the communication content is rich and comprehensive, not only the cultural layer, but also the cultural layer. The system culture layer, the behavioral culture layer and the mentality culture layer. In this period, the Han culture in Xinjiang also has its own distinctive characteristics. It not only inherits the Chinese culture of the Central Plains, but also has the inheritance and nationality, and has the multi-element and regional character caused by the migration of the Central Plains immigrants, and the Han culture in Xinjiang minority people. The creativity formed under the multicultural background of the ethnic group. The unique Xinjiang Han culture in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China was different from other cultural transmission. First, it maintained the identity of the Han people in Xinjiang, and became the identity label of "old Xinjiang". Secondly, the Chinese culture of Xinjiang in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China was the modernization of Xinjiang, especially in the modern culture. In the end, the Xinjiang Han culture in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China laid the foundation of the multicultural pattern of Xinjiang, which played a leading role in the modern Chinese culture.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K25

【参考文献】