甘肃省合水县农业合作化运动研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 11:06

本文选题：甘肃省合水县 + 农业合作化　；参考：《西北师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业合作化运动在中国农业发展史上有其重要意义，它是新中国完成土地改革后经历的一次重要的土地变革，它使中国几千年来农村土地私有制和小农经济为主的状况得以改变，实现了农村中生产资料所有制的经营管理体制的历史性变革。然而它的发生不是偶然而有其历史必然性，因为由马克思主义指导下建立起的中国共产党，在夺取政权后必然要按照它的指导理论来改造现有社会，农业合作化运动就是理论指导实践的具体表现。甘肃省合水县农业合作化运动的历史背景有三个方面，一是合水县相对于其他地方较早接触革命，在抗日战争时期成为陕北红军募补区，隶属陕甘宁边区管辖，拥有良好的群众基础；二是合水县依靠革命力量，在新中国成立后不久就完成土地改革；三是农村中出现新的两级分化现象。当然，除了前两条比较特殊外，，第三条与全国其他地方是一致的。合水县农业合作化运动在中国共产党强有力的领导下，经历了互助组、初级农业生产合作社和高级农业生产合作社。互助组从1950年开始到1952底年基本结束。初级农业生产合作社从1952年底开始建立到1955年底结束，初级社建立后，劳动成果以劳动和土地按比例分红为特征，初级社成为半社会主义性质的劳动组织。高级农业生产合作社建立时间从1955年底开始至1957年初结束，高级社建立后，土地由农民私有变为集体所有，取消了土地分红，在分配中实行了“各尽所能、按劳分配”的原则。在高级社建立的探讨过程中，笔者利用原始档案资料，重点从新民高级农业生产合作社第四队的包工、包产、包投资等环节再现当时人们生产的历史原貌。合水县与全国一样经历了对互助组、初级农业生产合作社和高级农业生产合作社的整顿，整顿着重从干部团结、账目记录等方面进行，通过整顿合水县农业合作化运动健康发展,这一过程表现出的问题和解决问题的办法可为“三农”问题的解决提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:The agricultural cooperative movement is of great significance in the history of agricultural development in China. It is an important land change experienced after the completion of land reform in New China. It has changed the situation of private ownership of rural land and small-scale peasant economy in China for thousands of years, and has realized the historic reform of the management system of the ownership of means of production in rural areas. However, its occurrence is not accidental but has its historical inevitability, because the Communist Party of China, established under the guidance of Marxism, must transform the existing society in accordance with its guiding theory after seizing power. The agricultural cooperative movement is the concrete manifestation of the theory guiding practice. There are three aspects in the historical background of the agricultural cooperative movement in Heshui County, Gansu Province. One is that Heshui County contacted the revolution earlier than other places and became a recruiting and filling area of the Northern Shaanxi Red Army during the War of Resistance against Japan, falling under the jurisdiction of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border region. The second is that Heshui County relied on the revolutionary force and completed the land reform soon after the founding of the people's Republic of China; the third is the phenomenon of new two-level differentiation in the countryside. Of course, in addition to the first two more special, the third with the rest of the country is consistent. Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the agricultural cooperative movement in Heshui County has experienced mutual-aid groups, primary agricultural production cooperatives and advanced agricultural production cooperatives. The mutual-aid group began in 1950 and ended at the end of 1952 years. The primary agricultural production co-operatives were established from the end of 1952 to the end of 1955. After the establishment of the primary cooperatives, the labor achievements were characterized by the proportional distribution of dividends between labour and land, and the primary co-operatives became semi-socialist labor organizations. The establishment of advanced agricultural production co-operatives began at the end of 1955 and ended at the beginning of 1957. After the establishment of the higher cooperatives, land was changed from private ownership by peasants to collective ownership, land dividends were abolished, and the principle of "distribution according to work" was implemented in the distribution. In the course of the discussion on the establishment of the senior cooperative, the author reappeared the historical appearance of the production of the fourth team of Xinmin Advanced Agricultural production Cooperative from the aspects of contract worker, contract production, investment and so on. Heshui County, like the whole country, has gone through the reorganization of mutual aid groups, primary agricultural production cooperatives and advanced agricultural production cooperatives. The rectification has focused on the unity of cadres, the recording of accounts, and so on. By rectifying the healthy development of the agricultural cooperative movement in Heshui County, the problems and solutions presented in this process can be used for reference to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F329;K27

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