国民政府时期的陕西省农会研究（1944-1949）

发布时间：2018-05-28 06:11

本文选题：国民政府 + 陕西省农会　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：南京国民政府成立后,为了打压共产党在农村的生存空间,重建乡村秩序,国民政府在反思国民大革命时期共产党领导下的农民协会对乡村旧有秩序所造成冲击的基础上,试图通过重新整合乡村中的各类势力,将农村牢固地控制在自己的手中。在南京国民政府成立初期,国民党内部对是否继续开展民众运动存在很大的分歧。最终,主张继续发展民众运动的观点占了上风。在农民运动方面,则开始了重建农会的进程。然而,国民党内部的分歧并未因此而达于统一,而且农会的重建在很长一段时期内更多的是集中于农运法规、政策等文本性文件的制订,能够切实付诸施行的尚属不多。陕西省境内的各级农会组织的发展在这一时期也极其缓慢。抗战全面爆发后,国民政府为了达成“抗战建国”的目标,对农会的工作日益重视,开始了农会的整顿工作,要求各尚未成立农会组织的地方尽速成立农会,已成立农会组织的地方,对农会进行整顿。随着抗战的深入,国民政府将农运的领导权从组织日益涣散的各级党部收归各级政府。陕西省各县乡农会也在农会整顿的这一时期获得了快速的发展,在各县乡农会成立的基础上,陕西省农会于1944年8月在西安成立。陕西省农会成立后,省农会在省政府社会处和建设厅指导下,领导各县乡农会在积极发展各级农会会务的同时,开展了一系列业务活动,并取得了一定的成绩,对当时农村经济的发展有一定的裨益,同时也为抗日战争的胜利提供了诸多的支持。但是,终究囿于经费、大环境等各主、客观条件的限制,农会的会务和业务持续发展乏力。最终,随着国民政府在军事上的失败,在国民政府主导下的陕西省农会也退出了历史舞台。当前我国正处于社会的转型期,农村社会的诸多矛盾开始显现。“三农问题”也日益为社会和政府所关注,大力提倡重新成立农民组织,维护农民利益的人士也逐渐增多。通过考察国民政府时期的陕西省农会组织的会务与业务发展以及成效、不足,可为当前“三农问题”的解决提供一定的借鉴。
[Abstract]:After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, in order to suppress the living space of the Communist Party in the countryside and rebuild the rural order, the National Government reflected on the impact of the peasant associations under the leadership of the Communist Party on the old order in the countryside during the National Revolution. Attempts to reintegrate the various forces in the countryside, firmly control the countryside in their own hands. In the early days of the Nanjing National Government, there were great differences within the Kuomintang on whether to continue the popular movement. In the end, the idea of continuing to develop the popular movement prevailed. In the peasant movement, began the process of rebuilding peasant associations. However, differences within the Kuomintang did not result in reunification, and in a long period of time, the reconstruction of peasant associations focused more on the formulation of textual documents such as the laws and regulations governing the agricultural movement and policies, and few of them could actually be put into practice. In Shaanxi Province, the development of peasant associations at all levels in this period is extremely slow. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the National Government, in order to achieve the goal of "building the nation after the War of Resistance against Japan", paid more and more attention to the work of the peasant associations, began the rectification work of the peasant associations, and demanded that the peasant associations be set up as soon as possible where they have not yet been established. Where peasant associations have been set up, they should be rectified. With the deepening of the Anti-Japanese War, the National Government relegated the leadership of the agricultural movement from the increasingly poorly organized Party departments to the governments at all levels. The county and township peasant associations in Shaanxi Province also got rapid development in the period of rectifying the peasant associations. On the basis of the establishment of the county and township peasant associations, the Shaanxi Provincial Farmers Association was established in Xi'an in August 1944. Since the establishment of the Shaanxi Provincial Farmers' Association, under the guidance of the Department of Social Affairs and the Construction Department of the provincial government, the provincial farmers' association has led the county and township associations to carry out a series of business activities while actively developing the affairs of the farmers' associations at all levels, and has made certain achievements. It was beneficial to the development of rural economy at that time, and also provided a lot of support for the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. However, due to the limitation of funds, environment and objective conditions, the meeting affairs and business of the peasant association continue to develop lacklustre. Finally, with the military failure of the National Government, the Shaanxi Farmers Association under the leadership of the National Government also withdrew from the historical stage. At present, our country is in the social transition period, many contradictions of the rural society begin to appear. The issue of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" has been paid more and more attention by the society and the government. Through investigating the meeting affairs, business development and effect of Shaanxi Agricultural Association in the period of the National Government, it can provide some reference for solving the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers at present.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K266

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