从公共批评精神的传承看1895-1911年“报人报国”思想的体现

发布时间：2018-06-02 09:39

本文选题：公共批评精神 + 报刊　；参考：《西北民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公共批评精神一直在中国传承和发展着。古代开始就已经有了民主思想的影子,随着朝代的更替,公共批评精神有繁盛时,有衰落时,作为一种观念,一直在传承着。到了近代鸦片战争后,中国面临着救亡图存的危机,外国人在中国广泛的办报刊,这也给中国的知识分子给予了一个新的方向,于是早期的资产阶级知识分子也开始利用它来对国人进行思想宣传。《马关条约》签订之后,中国的半殖民地半封建社会加剧,国家的控制机制降低,传播的僵滞态势减弱。知识分子通过报刊,进行了思想的传播和公共批评精神的传承,出现了公共批评运动的高潮,其中有以梁启超为代表的资产阶级改良派,但他们的报国之路的实现仅仅存在于百日维新期间,后因戊戌政变而结束,也由此说明了走资产阶级改良的道路在中国是行不通的。资产阶级革命派继续探索国家的出路问题,传播革命的思想,广泛的利用报刊开展公共批评运动。虽然在此期间发生了清政府对报人的迫害活动,也依然不能制止革命派救国的热情。反而再次出现了公共批评的高潮,广泛的传播了革命的思想,这为后来辛亥革命的胜利打下了基础。通过对公共批评精神的传承和公共批评运动的开展的分析,得出了公共批评精神在转化成社会观念之后所形成的结果:公共舆论。虽然公共批评精神已经是普世化的观念,但公共舆论不仅仅给社会带来进步的力量,它也有其负面的作用。因此,看待公共舆论不应片面的看到正性的作用,也应理性的看到负面的危害。所以,对公共舆论仍需进行辩证的思考。
[Abstract]:The spirit of public criticism has been inherited and developed in China. The ancient times had already had the shadow of the democratic thought, along with the change of the dynasty, the public criticism spirit has the prosperous time, has the decline time, as a kind of idea, has been passing on. After the Opium War in modern times, China was faced with the crisis of saving the nation from death. Foreigners widely run newspapers and periodicals in China, which also gave a new direction to Chinese intellectuals. Therefore, the early bourgeois intellectuals also began to use it to propagate their minds. After the signing of the Treaty of the people of Malaysia, China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal society intensified, the state's control mechanism decreased, and the spread of stagnation weakened. Through newspapers and periodicals, intellectuals spread their ideas and inherited the spirit of public criticism, and the climax of the public criticism movement appeared, including the bourgeois reformists represented by Liang Qichao. However, the realization of their road to serve the country only existed during the hundred days Reform period, which ended as a result of the Wuxu coup, which showed that the road of bourgeois reform was not feasible in China. Bourgeois revolutionaries continue to explore the country's outlet, spread revolutionary ideas, and widely use newspapers to carry out public criticism movements. Although the Qing government persecuted the journalists during this period, it still failed to stop the revolutionary zeal to save the country. On the contrary, the climax of public criticism and the widespread dissemination of revolutionary ideas laid the foundation for the victory of the Revolution of 1911. Through the analysis of the inheritance of the public criticism spirit and the development of the public criticism movement, the result of the public criticism spirit formed after the transformation of the public criticism spirit into the social concept is obtained: public opinion. Although the spirit of public criticism is a universal concept, public opinion not only brings the power of progress to the society, but also has its negative effect. Therefore, the public opinion should not only see the positive effect, but also the negative harm. Therefore, public opinion still needs dialectical thinking.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K252

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