蒋介石权力之路与九一八事变（1928-1931）

发布时间：2018-06-16 03:06

本文选题：蒋胡合作 + 汤山事件　；参考：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：1928年国民革命军以武力统一中国后,裁军问题掀起了国民党内派系结合地方实力派展开了反蒋战争,握有军权的蒋介石和握有「党意」的胡汉民开始了「蒋胡合作」。中原大战结束后,胡汉民所标榜的「党权约束军权」逐渐与蒋介石发生矛盾,蒋、胡之间的权力冲突,在「训政时期约法」上彻底爆发。 1931年2月28日蒋拘禁了胡,史称「汤山事件」。蒋介石以非法手段拘胡后,迅即的通过中华民国「训政时期约法」,并修改「国民政府组织法」,将「一党专政」体制向「一人专制」转变：蒋介石藉由军权取得了政权与党权：反蒋派在1931年5月27日在广州召开了「国民党中央执监委员会非常会议」和「广州国民政府J成立,形成了宁粤分裂的局面。宁粤分裂后未几,九一八事变爆发,张学良的「不抵抗主义」导致南京国民政府陷入政权的危机中；外交上,国民政府「和则政府必推倒与内」；军事上,「战则必推倒于外」。事变的发生加快了和平统一的速度,宁粤双方在舆论制约下举行了七次和平会议,最终达成协议。1931年12月15日,蒋介石被迫交出政权(下野)。12月22日四届一中全会在南京召开,修正国民政府组织法,宁粤双方重新组织新的政府,正式结束了宁粤分裂局面。
[Abstract]:After the National Revolutionary Army unify China by force in 1928, the disarmament issue raised the anti Chiang Kai Shek war with the factions of the Kuomintang and the local power faction of the Kuomintang. Jiang Jieshi, holding military power and Hu Hanmin with "party meaning", began the "Chiang Hu cooperation". After the end of the Central Plains war, Hu Hanmin's "party power restraint military power" gradually became Jiang Jieshi. The conflict of power between Jiang and Hu broke out during the period of the "training period".
In February 28, 1931, Jiang detained Hu and called the "Tang Shan incident". After Jiang Jieshi's illegal means of detention, he quickly passed the "law of training in the Republic of China" by the Republic of China and revised the "national government organization law" and changed the "one party dictatorship" system to "one person autocracy": Jiang Jieshi took power and party power by military power: anti Chiang Chiang faction in 19 In May 27th 31, a "extraordinary meeting of the Executive Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee" and "the J of the Guangzhou national government" were held in Guangzhou.
After the 918 incident broke out, the 918 incident broke out. The "non resistance" of Zhang Xueliang caused the national government to fall into the crisis of political power; in diplomacy, the national government "and the government must push down the inside"; the military, "the war must be pushed out". The incident accelerated the speed of peaceful reunification, and the two sides of Ningxia and Guangdong were restricted by public opinion. Seven peace conferences were held, and the final agreement was finally reached in December 15th.1931. Jiang Jieshi was forced to surrender the regime (lower field) in the first Plenary Session of the 4th CPC Central Committee, the first Plenary Session of the 4th CPC Central Committee, in Nanjing, to revise the national government organization law. The two sides reorganized the new government and formally ended the split situation in ningyue.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K264.2

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