晚清政府对台湾的管理政策研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 19:33

本文选题：晚清 + 台湾　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在1874年日军侵台之前,清政府对台湾的管理体制经过两次调整,先调整为派巡台御史巡查台湾,后又调整为福建大员轮值巡台,两次调整均是在台湾发生民变之后清政府所做的政策调整。1874年日本借口“牡丹社”事件侵略台湾,这一事件给清政府以强烈的刺激。事件平息之后,朝廷大臣纷纷上书表示台湾的地位非常重要,要对台湾加以重视。清政府更加认识到台湾的战略位置之重要,台湾的海防实关系到整个海防的安危。为了加强对台湾的管理,在沈葆桢的建议之下决定福建巡抚每年的冬春两季驻扎在台湾处理事务,并且对台湾实施了开山抚番、取消番界等政策,对台湾进行了开发。1874年到1883年的数年间,台湾的安全并没有受到直接的威胁,所以在管理政策上并没有做出调整。1884年法军封锁台湾,攻占基隆、澎湖,清政府数年来在台湾的经营落得惨败,在这挑衅之下,清政府治台政策必须要加以重大的调整。此前数年皆由闽抚冬春驻台,驻台时间极为短暂,台湾缺乏大员管理,各项事业极易荒废。在大臣的建议下,清政府迅速决定台湾建省,由刘铭传担任台湾首任巡抚。刘铭传担任巡抚之后,在台湾大力进行建设,所采取的措施不仅加强了台湾的防务力量,也改善了台湾居民的生活。台湾建省之初,由于战争刚结束不久,清政府对台刘铭传在台湾开展的各项事业十分积极的支持；但日久之后,台湾所面临的威胁也已经解除,遂对台湾事务变的不再积极。清政府对台湾政策的调整是为了保障台湾的安全,但是其历次调整都是台湾的安全受到威胁在先,政策的调整在后。而且由安全威胁所引发的对于台湾的关注随着威胁的解除又慢慢的消失。清政府并没有在事件发生之前就充分地认识到台湾的重要战略位置以及在台湾管理上存在的问题,并采取措施。所以说清政府对台湾的政策调整是一种反应式的、被动的调整。本文以1874年以后台湾所受到的安全威胁为着眼点,梳理晚清时期清政府在台湾安全受到威胁之后所作出的治台政策上的调整以及政策的具体内容。
[Abstract]:Before the Japanese invasion of Taiwan in 1874, the Qing government made two adjustments to the management system of Taiwan, which was first adjusted to send a tour of the imperial history of Taiwan, and then to the rotation of Fujian officers. In 1874, Japan invaded Taiwan under the pretext of the "Peony Society" incident, which gave the Qing government a strong stimulus. After the incident subsided, court ministers filed letters saying that Taiwan's status was very important and that it should be valued. The Qing government recognized the importance of Taiwan's strategic position, and Taiwan's coastal defense had a bearing on the safety of the whole coastal defense. In order to strengthen the management of Taiwan, at the suggestion of the Shen Baozhen, the governor of Fujian decided to be stationed in Taiwan for two seasons of winter and spring each year to handle affairs, and implemented a policy of opening mountains and regulating Taiwan, abolishing the border, and so on. Taiwan was developed. During the several years from 1874 to 1883, Taiwan's security was not directly threatened, so there was no adjustment in its management policy. In 1884, French troops blockaded Taiwan and captured Keelung and Penghu. The Qing government has failed in Taiwan for several years, and under this provocation, the Qing government must make a major adjustment in its Taiwan policy. In the past few years, Minfu has been stationed in Taiwan in winter and spring for a very short period of time, Taiwan lacks the management of large staff, and various undertakings are easily abandoned. On the advice of the minister, the Qing government quickly decided to establish a province in Taiwan, with Liu Mingchuan as Taiwan's first governor. After Liu Mingchuan became governor of Taiwan, he made great efforts to build in Taiwan. The measures taken not only strengthened Taiwan's defense strength, but also improved the lives of Taiwan residents. At the beginning of the establishment of Taiwan's province, the Qing government gave very active support to Liu Mingchuan's various undertakings in Taiwan just after the end of the war. However, after a long period of time, the threat faced by Taiwan has also been lifted and the Taiwan affairs have become more and more active. The adjustment of Qing government's Taiwan policy is to ensure Taiwan's security, but its successive adjustment is that Taiwan's security is threatened first, and the policy adjustment is later. And concerns about Taiwan, triggered by security threats, slowly fade away as the threat is removed. The Qing government did not fully recognize the important strategic position of Taiwan and the problems existing in the management of Taiwan before the incident, and took measures. Therefore, the Qing government's policy adjustment to Taiwan is a reactive, passive adjustment. This paper focuses on the security threats to Taiwan after 1874, combing the adjustment of the Qing government's policy and the specific contents of the policy after the Taiwan security was threatened in the late Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K252

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