1940年代涉县农村合作化运动初探

发布时间：2018-06-28 01:30

本文选题：涉县 + 农村　；参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1940年代,涉县农村合作化运动在传统民间互助形式的基础上兴起发展起来。1942年以后,中国共产党领导的涉县民主政府为实现“合理负担”,保障抗日战争与解放战争时期的军需民用,组织农民开展了农村合作化运动。在农村合作化运动初期,互助组大多延续以往的拨工、变工传统而发展,随着运动深入,互助组的组织性与计划性增强,涉县农村合作化运动达到了一定规模,但强迫编组、虚报谎报等问题也相继暴露,加之大量青壮年参战支前,农村劳动力减少,干部群众对互助组进行了合并改造。在“新富农经济”发展的态势下,涉县农村合作化运动在组织形式与规模上均达到了新的水平,以互助组为基础,劳资结合的小型合作社得到发展。中共领导涉县干部群众建立新的合作社,整顿旧有合作社,要求合作社以扶助农业生产为主,实行农副业相结合。1946年后,通过对土地改革“斗争果实”的分配,农村群众的合作生产热情有所提高,但也出现了“极端贫雇路线”等问题。涉县农村干部群众在中共领导下,逐渐纠正合作化运动中的“左”倾偏向,进一步整顿互助组。至1949年,涉县的农村合作社开始与公营经济相结合,合作化运动迎来了新的发展机遇。此期的农村合作化运动也为新中国成立后中国农业的集体化提供了经验和教训。这一运动是在中共这一外力作用的领导促进下,使基于乡谊与人性本能的涉县民间互助逐渐走向现代合作的过程。合作化运动的发展,为涉县农村群众提高劳动效率、扩大耕地面积、增加粮产、战胜自然灾害,以及支援抗日战争与解放战争,提供了一定的组织及物资保障。
[Abstract]:In the 1940s, the rural cooperative movement in Shexian County rose and developed on the basis of the traditional form of mutual assistance among the people. After 1942, the democratic government of Shexian County led by the Communist Party of China realized the "reasonable burden". During the War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation, the peasants were organized to carry out the rural cooperative movement. In the early stage of the rural cooperative movement, most of the mutual-aid groups continued the past work, changed the tradition and developed. With the deepening of the movement, the organization and planning of the mutual-aid groups increased, the rural cooperative movement in Shexian reached a certain scale, but forced organization. Problems such as false reports and false reports have been exposed one after another, in addition, a large number of young and middle-aged people joined the war, the rural labor force was reduced, and the cadres and the masses merged and reformed the mutual aid groups. With the development of "the new rich peasant economy", the rural cooperative movement in Shexian has reached a new level in the form and scale of organization, and the small co-operatives, which are based on mutual aid groups and combined with labor and management, have been developed. The Communist Party of China led cadres and the masses in county areas to set up new co-operatives and to rectify the old co-operatives, demanding that the co-operatives should give priority to supporting agricultural production and implement the combination of agricultural and sideline activities. After 1946, through the distribution of the fruits of the "struggle" for land reform, Rural people's enthusiasm for cooperative production has improved, but there are also problems such as extreme poverty and employment. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, cadres and masses in rural areas in Shexian County have gradually rectified the "left" bias in the cooperative movement and further rectified the mutual aid groups. In 1949, the rural cooperatives in Shexian began to combine with the public economy, and the cooperative movement ushered in new opportunities for development. The rural cooperative movement also provided experiences and lessons for the collectivization of Chinese agriculture after the founding of New China. This movement was promoted by the leadership of the external force of the Communist Party of China, which made the civil mutual assistance based on the rural friendship and human instinct gradually move towards the modern cooperation process. The development of the cooperative movement provided a certain organization and material guarantee for the rural masses in Shexian to improve their labor efficiency, expand the area of cultivated land, increase grain production, overcome natural disasters, and support the War of Resistance against Japan and the War of Liberation.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K26

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