“文革”时期回乡与下乡知青对乡村建设影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 10:16

本文选题：“文革”时期 + 回乡知青　；参考：《江西财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：历时20余年的知识青年上山下乡运动,应该说是中华人民共和国历史上持续时间最长的一场由官方组织的群众运动之一。“文革”期间的被送往农村的城镇知识青年以及回到农村的农村知识青年被视为同一个群体：他们是在同样的体制下,受着同样的教育,在同样的模式中被培养出来的,在思想和行为上具有不容否定的连续性。当然,我们也要注意分析他们的区别,特别是他们在个人思想、社会地位、所作贡献以及社会影响上面的差异,毕竟,下乡知青或回乡知青都单独代表不了那一代知识青年的整体形象和命运。知识青年上山下乡运动,对当时的农村社会必然产生了一定的影响。以往的相关研究肯定了下乡知青对当时农村发展的贡献,却忽视了回乡知青的贡献。笔者通过搜集相关著作、学术论文以及相关文献资料,梳理学术界对“文革”时期知识青年上山下乡运动研究的已有成果和观点纷争；同时运用历史学以及社会学研究方法对相关文献材料进行细致的分析,认为因为下乡知青被迫下乡导致的不稳定性；对农村环境认识不足而造成精神上的迷茫困顿；农民的不太欢迎、不太信任、不敢任用；受“再教育”理论的束缚和知识水平有限等因素影响,在当时的乡村社会发展建设中,回乡知青较下乡知青的贡献似乎更大。这为目前实施“三支一扶”政策提供了历史借鉴：一要避免“一刀切”的现象,充分重视基层的意愿和实际情况,坚持以人为本、实事求是的原则；二要避免“排外”现象的出现,允许和提倡勇于探索、灵活多样的工作形式,充分发挥大学生的潜能和农村的潜力；三是不必强求“扎根”,但要强调贡献和收获,同时一定要尊重大学生们的利益诉求。文章先对“知青”、“回乡知青”、“下乡知青”以及“大有作为”等几个概念进行了诠释,并对下乡知青和回乡知青进行了具体的区分。文章的主体是“文革”时期回乡知青和下乡知青对乡村社会建设影响上的对比研究,笔者用了四章的篇幅(第三章到第六章),分别从知识青年作为乡村意识形态的守护者,乡村科学技术的革新者,乡村文教卫生的服务者以及乡村劳动力的补充者四个方面,探讨了知识青年对当时的乡村社会建设影响。认为“文革”时期回乡知青和下乡知青对农村社会建设的影响中,回乡知青比下乡知青的贡献更大,并分析了其原因。
[Abstract]:For more than 20 years, the movement of intellectual youth to the countryside should be said to be one of the longest organized mass movements in the history of the people's Republic of China. The urban intellectual youth sent to the countryside during the Cultural Revolution and the rural intellectual youth who returned to the countryside were regarded as the same group: they were trained in the same system, in the same education, in the same model. There is no denying continuity in thought and behavior. Of course, we should also pay attention to analyzing their differences, especially in terms of their personal thinking, their social status, their contributions and their social impact. After all, The educated youth in the countryside or the educated youth in the countryside alone can not represent the overall image and destiny of the intellectual youth of that generation. The movement of educated youth to the countryside had a certain influence on the rural society at that time. Previous studies affirmed the contribution of educated youth to rural development, but neglected the contribution of educated youth. By collecting relevant works, academic papers and relevant literature, the author combs the existing achievements and viewpoints of academic circles on the movement of intellectual youth to the countryside during the "Cultural Revolution". At the same time, using the methods of historical and sociological research, the author makes a detailed analysis of the relevant documents and materials, and thinks that the instability caused by the educated youth in the countryside is forced to go to the countryside, and the lack of understanding of the rural environment leads to mental confusion. Farmers are not very welcome, do not trust too much, dare not appoint; affected by the constraints of the theory of "re-education" and limited knowledge, it seems that in the development and construction of rural society at that time, the educated youth who returned to the countryside contributed more than the educated youth to the rural areas. This provides a historical reference for the implementation of the policy of "three branches and one support": first, we should avoid the phenomenon of "one-size-fits-all", pay full attention to the will and actual situation of the grassroots, adhere to the principle of people-oriented and pragmatic; Second, it is necessary to avoid the phenomenon of "xenophobia", to allow and advocate bold exploration, flexible and diverse forms of work, and to give full play to the potential of college students and rural areas; third, it is not necessary to force people to "take root", but they should emphasize contributions and gains. At the same time, we must respect the interests of college students. This paper first interprets the concepts of "educated youth", "returned educated youth", "educated youth in rural areas" and "great achievements", and makes a concrete distinction between educated youth in rural areas and educated youth in their hometowns. The main body of the article is the comparative study on the influence of the educated youth in the countryside and the educated youth in the countryside on the rural social construction during the "Cultural Revolution" period. The author has devoted four chapters (the third to the sixth chapters), respectively, from the intellectual youth as the guardian of the rural ideology. In this paper, the innovators of rural science and technology, the service of rural culture, education and health, and the supplement of rural labor force are discussed, and the influence of educated youth on the construction of rural society at that time is discussed. In the influence of the educated youth and the educated youth in the countryside on the rural social construction during the "Cultural Revolution", the contribution of the educated youth to the rural social construction is greater than that of the educated youth in the rural areas, and the reasons are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K27

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