上海新药业同业公会与行业治理的转型（1945-1953）

发布时间：2018-07-11 21:04

本文选题：上海新药同业公会 + 上海新药筹委会　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：二十世纪四五十年代,中国处于社会转型,政权交替之中。在这一交替之际,同业公会为谋生存,在行业治理中所起的作用也在悄然改变。然而,在同业公会研究中,对于这一时期的描述不多,而且目前的研究多集中于商会、丝绸业、银钱业等这样的大型中间组织。因而本文选取上海新药同业公会这一不大但颇有特点的公会来进行研究。由于公会行业治理的功能变化与政权交替息息相关,因此,本文按政权变动下的市场形态变化和公会本身的职能变化来划分文章结构,主要分为抗战结束后,解放军入驻上海到新药筹委会成立的过渡时期,新中国成立这三个时段,通过阐述当时新药同业公会在这一动乱时局中如何进行行业治理,一窥同业公会这一中间组织当时的生存境况。抗战结束后,国民政府实行统制经济,加强对同业公会和市场的监管,而西药作为战时必需物质,更是在重点监管之列。在政府的管制之下,新药同业公会的工作重心也转变。如何在政府管制之下,维护行业的正当利益,保证市场运行,成为会务重点。随后解放军入驻上海,新政府力图全面控制市场,以计划的方式取代市场运作规律。为了达到这一目的,政府主导下的新药同业公会进行了改革。改组后的同业公会,尽管在协调上传下达中起到重要作用,但自身的自治能力减弱,原先的社会团体性质几乎消逝,成为政府进行新药业治理的媒介。不仅如此,随着公私合营的到来,公会存在空间也在萎缩。从1945到1953年,政府在市场调控所起的作用不断变化,而在这种大环境下,公会经历了从上海市新药商业同业公会到筹备委员会的改组,与改组相伴而来的是公会工作重心的变化。这一变化虽并非公会本意,但由此也显现出那一年代中间组织面对政权干预所采取的生存方式,因而颇具研究价值。
[Abstract]:In the 1940s and 1950s, China was in the process of social transformation and regime change. In this alternative, the trade association in order to survive, the role of governance in the industry is quietly changing. However, in the trade association research, the description of this period is not much, and the current research focuses on such large intermediate organizations as chamber of commerce, silk industry, silver industry and so on. Therefore, this paper selects the Shanghai New Drug Association, a small but rather characteristic guild, to do the research. As the functional changes of guild trade governance are closely related to the alternation of political power, this paper divides the article structure according to the changes of market morphology and the functional changes of guild itself, mainly after the end of the War of Resistance against Japan. During the transitional period between the PLA's entry into Shanghai and the establishment of the New Drug Preparatory Committee, these three periods of the founding of the people's Republic of China, through the elaboration of how the New Drug Trade Association carried out industry governance in this turbulent period at that time, A glimpse of the trade association, this intermediate organization at the time of survival. After the War of Resistance against Japan, the National Government controlled the economy and strengthened the supervision of trade associations and markets, and Western medicine, as a necessary material in wartime, was in the list of key supervision. Under government control, the new drug trade association's focus has also shifted. How to protect the legitimate interests of the industry and ensure the operation of the market under government control has become the focal point of the meeting. Then the PLA moved into Shanghai, and the new government tried to control the market and replace it with a plan. To this end, the government-led new drug trade association has been reformed. Although the reorganized trade association played an important role in coordinating the issue, its own autonomy weakened, and the nature of the original social organization almost disappeared, and it became the medium for the government to administer the new pharmaceutical industry. Not only that, with the advent of public-private partnerships, the existence of the guild space is also shrinking. From 1945 to 1953, the role of the government in market regulation was constantly changing, and in this environment, the guild went through a restructuring from the Shanghai New Drug Commercial Association to the Preparatory Committee. The reorganization was accompanied by a change in the gravity of the guild's work. Although this change was not intended by the guild, it also revealed the way of existence adopted by the middle organizations in that period in the face of political intervention, and thus had considerable research value.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F426.72;K266;K27

【引证文献】