全面抗战时期国民政府的粮食生产研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 08:54

【摘要】：粮食自古以来就是一个关乎“国计民生”的大问题,特别是在抗战这样一个特殊的时期。粮食问题不仅影响到军民生计,还对战争起到了相当的影响,是最为重要的国防和民生资源。全面抗战时期国民政府的农业发展状况变化从总体来看,可以这样进行描述:1937-1938年,平稳发展但基本保持在原水平;1939-1941年,国统区出现严重的粮食危机,粮食减产严重且粮价高居不下;1942-1945年,由于国民政府的调控,粮食生产情况趋于好转,略有增加的趋势,但发展很不稳定。针对粮食生产的现状,国民政府颁布了一系列增进粮食生产的政策和措施,力求维持粮食市场的稳定。首先,积极调整战时农业政策,确定“以农立国”为基本方针,设立中央农业改良机构,调整完善了省、市及以下各级农业推广机构,并在粮食出现危机的时刻提出了“田赋征实”政策,来挽救恶劣的粮食市场。其次,为了增加粮食生产,推行了一系列增产措施,使得国统区的粮食产量成效显著。总之,抗战时期国民政府的粮食生产工作,对争取抗战的最后胜利做出了突出的贡献,在保证了军需民食的同时,农业生产技术也在不同程度的进步,为我国农业现代化的实现奠定了一定基础。但在取得成绩的同时国民政府在粮食生产过程中的一些政策、措施还是有不足之处,“千里之堤毁于蚁穴”有时一个小小错误的累计经过量变的积累都会成为其颠覆的诱因,这是我们以后粮食生产工作中需要引以为鉴的。
[Abstract]:Grain has been a major issue concerning the national economy and the people's livelihood since ancient times, especially in such a special period as the War of Resistance against Japan. Food problem not only affects military and civilian livelihood, but also plays a significant role in the war. It is the most important national defense and livelihood resource. Overall, the changes in the agricultural development of the National Government during the War of Resistance against Japan can be described in this way: from 1937 to 1938, the period of 1937 to 1938 was stable, but basically maintained at the original level. During the period of 1939-1941, a serious food crisis occurred in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang. The grain production decreased seriously and the grain price was high from 1942-1945. Because of the control of the national government, the situation of grain production tended to improve and increase slightly, but the development was very unstable. In view of the present situation of grain production, the National Government has promulgated a series of policies and measures to promote grain production, in order to maintain the stability of grain market. First of all, we should actively adjust the wartime agricultural policy, determine the basic policy of "establishing a nation through agriculture," set up a central agricultural improvement agency, and readjust and perfect agricultural extension agencies at all levels, at the provincial, municipal, and below levels. At the time of grain crisis, the "land tax levy" policy was put forward to save the bad grain market. Secondly, in order to increase grain production, a series of measures were carried out to increase grain production. In short, the grain production work of the National Government during the Anti-Japanese War made outstanding contributions to the final victory of the War of Resistance. For the realization of agricultural modernization in China has laid a certain foundation. However, at the same time as the achievements were made, some policies and measures adopted by the National Government in the process of grain production were still inadequate. Sometimes, the accumulation of a small mistake in the accumulation of a small amount of mistakes would be the inducement of its subversion. This is what we need to learn from the work of grain production in the future.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K265

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