晚清《西国近事汇编》研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 09:47

【摘要】：采用原文献分析与考证方法,通过调阅《西国近事汇编》从清同治十二年创刊(1873)至光绪二十六年(1900)停刊28年间的108卷、1330期的影印原始文献,拟出了早期36卷、428期8129条消息的标题,重新研究评价该刊的编辑出版概况、编辑传播策略、传播内容,重点研究该刊的经济新闻、科技新闻和政治新闻,力图廓清该刊在中国新闻传播史和科技传播史中的历史发展轨迹,以期解读该刊在当时社会中的价值和对后人所起到的启发作用,探究该刊在中国新闻事业史和西学东渐的历史进程中所扮演的重要角色。《西国近事汇编》是洋务运动时期由江南机器制造局翻译馆主办的惟一一份周刊,在《东西洋考每月统计传》开辟经济贸易专栏和《遐迩贯珍》论述自由贸易重要性的基础之上,首次系统传播近代西方财政管理思想,首次全面传播近代西方政府调控经济的思想,把西方的专利保护制度、金融资本的魅力、国际贸易的两面性等经济思想引入中国；最早报道西方工人运动,首次报道德国社会民主党；科技新闻共572条,重点报道船舶制造技术,有关船舶制造技术的报道有223条,主要涉及船舶种类、总体设计和相关制造技术,种类有铁甲船、木质船、水雷船、通信船,总体设计包括船名、船长、船阔、容量、重量、速率、动力配置和火炮配置,相关制造技术有修水道、建船厂、救生船、溷水衣、起沉船之法。该刊是集国际性、综合性、新闻性于一体的期刊,启发并引导了维新派的办刊办报理念,是早期国人办报的成功尝试,是晚清官方主办的持续时间最长的期刊,在新闻传播史上具有重大意义；大规模地传播近代西方经济学思想及其实际运用;最早传播社会主义思潮,是近代中国西学传播中影响力最大的报刊之一,对中西跨文化传播和社会主义思想在中国的传播具有重要的作用；首次持续广泛地传播船舶制造技术、机器及军械制造技术,直接启发指导了江南制造局工程师的设计理念,提高了该局的船舶制造技术和军械机器制造水平,在中国科学技术传播史中具有里程碑的地位。
[Abstract]:By using the method of original literature analysis and textual research, the original documents of 108-volume / 1330 issues from the founding publication of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1873) to the discontinuation of Guang Xu in 26 years (1900) were reviewed. This paper draws out the titles of 8129 messages in the early 36 volumes and 428 issues, restudies and evaluates the general situation of editing and publication, the editorial and communication strategies, the content of the news, and focuses on the economic news, science and technology news and political news of the journal. This paper tries to clarify the historical development of the journal in the history of Chinese news communication and the history of scientific and technological communication, in order to interpret its value in the society at that time and its enlightening role for future generations. To explore the important role that the journal plays in the history of Chinese journalism and the historical process of the eastward spread of Western learning. The compilation of Western countries' recent Affairs was the only weekly magazine sponsored by the Translation Institute of the Jiangnan Machine Manufacturing Bureau during the Westernization Movement. On the basis of the opening of the Economic and Trade column and the exposition of the importance of free trade in the monthly Statistical Bibliography of the East and the West, it is the first time that the ideas of modern western financial management have been systematically disseminated. For the first time, the idea of economic regulation and control by modern western governments was comprehensively disseminated, and Western economic ideas such as patent protection system, charm of financial capital and dual character of international trade were introduced into China. The earliest report was on the workers' movement in the West. For the first time, the Social Democratic Party of Germany, 572 science and technology news reports, with emphasis on ship manufacturing technology, and 223 reports on ship manufacturing technology, mainly covering the types of ships, general design and related manufacturing technologies, including iron armour vessels, Wood vessel, mine ship, communication ship, overall design includes ship name, captain, ship width, capacity, weight, speed, power configuration and artillery configuration. Related manufacturing techniques include repair roads, shipyards, lifeboats, water jackets, and shipwreck methods. It is an international, comprehensive and newsworthy journal that inspired and guided the reformist idea of running a newspaper. It was a successful attempt by the early Chinese people to run a newspaper, and it was the longest-lasting periodical officially sponsored by the late Qing Dynasty. It is of great significance in the history of news dissemination, the large-scale dissemination of modern western economic thoughts and their practical application, and the earliest dissemination of socialist thought, which is one of the most influential newspapers and periodicals in the dissemination of western studies in modern China. It plays an important role in the cross-cultural communication between China and the West and the spread of socialist thought in China. The continuous and extensive dissemination of shipbuilding technology, machinery and ordnance manufacturing technology for the first time has directly inspired the design concepts of engineers in Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau. It has improved the shipbuilding technology and ordnance machine manufacturing level of the bureau, and has been a milestone in the history of science and technology communication in China.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K256

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