传统与变迁—战后珠三角的围董会组织（1945—1949）

发布时间：2018-08-04 18:20

【摘要】：珠江三角洲的农业开发与基围兴建和管理始于明清。“围董会”作为基围管理机构，在长期的管理实践中，形成了一定“管理惯例”，并延续至民国后期。民国以来，随着基层社会环境的整体变迁，政府行政权威的不断下沉，官方不断强化对基层围务组织的管理与监管。抗战前夕，“围董会”的创建尚属初步，大多数基围组织尚未纳入政府的管理范围。抗战结束，因种种原因，“围董会”的组建逐步由上游沿岸平原延伸至沿海沙田地带。组建方式，或为传统的以“围”为单位，或由基层行政区为单位。董事人选亦呈多样化。各江“围董会”的实际运作，一定程度上仍延续传统，承担着基围管理职责。但基层乡镇公所协助“围董会”征收围费、强力推行围规，有所改变了基围管理模式。更为重要的是，抗战结束后，广东省政府举办两次大型的堤围建设工程。在此过程中，官方的水政管理机构与基层的围董会相互合作，，亦有所改变了堤围建设方式。虽如此，基层围务管理欲正常运作，仍需对基层的社会权利关系加以协调，顺应乡民深层次的利益关系与心理认同。
[Abstract]:The agricultural development and construction and management of the Pearl River Delta began in the Ming and Qing dynasties. As the foundation management organization, the Board formed certain "management convention" in the long-term management practice, and continued to the later period of the Republic of China. Since the Republic of China, with the overall changes of the social environment at the grass-roots level, the government's administrative authority has been sinking, and the government has constantly strengthened the management and supervision of the basic-level surrounding organizations. On the eve of the War of Resistance against Japan, the establishment of the Board was preliminary, and most of the organizations had not been brought under the control of the government. At the end of the War of Resistance, for various reasons, the formation of the Board gradually extended from the upstream coastal plain to the coastal Shatin zone. The form of organization is either traditional "encirclement" unit, or by the basic administrative district as the unit. The selection of directors is also diverse. The actual operation of each river board still carries on the tradition to a certain extent and undertakes the management responsibility of Jiwei. However, the basic Township Public offices helped the Board to collect the encirclement fees and enforced the rules, which changed the management mode. More importantly, after the end of the War of Resistance, Guangdong Provincial Government held two large embankment construction projects. In the process, the government water administration and the grassroots board of directors have also changed the construction of embankment. However, in order to operate normally, it is necessary to coordinate the relationship of social rights at the grass-roots level and conform to the deep-seated relationship of interests and psychological identity of the villagers.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F129;K266

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