近代传教士报刊“科学辅教”研究

发布时间：2018-08-10 17:37

【摘要】： 清末来华传教士秉承明末耶稣会士的传教思路,将科学作为宗教传播的媒介和载体,希望以此消除中国人的排拒心理,实现对中国这一古老国度的基督化、实现“使上帝的荣光照耀全世界”的理想。报刊作为传教士对华跨文化传播活动的重要一翼,“科学辅教”的手段在传教士报刊中体现得淋漓尽致,然而这方面的研究却相对匮乏,这不能不说是一个遗憾。对传教士报刊“科学辅教”的研究有助于更加科学地认定传教士报刊的性质,进而明确其在“西学东渐”过程中的地位和作用。科学与宗教是形式与内容的关系,传教士报刊后期的世俗化并不是性质的转向,而恰恰是为了更好地实现“科学辅教”的效果而进行的策略选择,如果从这个角度来认识传教士报刊的性质,则可以留有分寸地理解其在“西学东渐”中对于中国社会的影响,给传教士报刊一个恰如其分的评价。这一研究另一方面的意义在于“以史为鉴”,作为跨文化传播的一种手段,“科学辅科”所运用的传播模式,和其所达到的效果对于今天我们的跨文化传播活动还是存在着某种启示意义的,这种启示既是鞭策,也有警醒。本文共分为四个章节。第一章交待背景,首先将对科学与宗教之间的关系进行总的论述,作为后文论述的基础。通过对于西方宗教史的简单梳理,指出利用科学为传播宗教服务是西方教会对待科学的态度,特别是宗教改革之后新教教义体现出了将科学纳入宗教的范畴的某种趋势。在以上认识的基础上,本文将对来华传教士选择“科学辅教”这一传教方式的现实原因进行论述,从而揭示出“科学辅教”的历史和现实背景。第二章将对“科学辅教”的文化本质、历史沿革进行论述。从“科学辅教”的角度来看,科学内容的传播是隐含着宗教目的的,科学为形式,传教是本质。因此从这个意义上来说世俗化的传教士报刊本质上仍是宗教性的,在此基础上本文将概括传教士报刊“科学辅教”的文化本质并对其不同发展阶段的特点进行梳理。第三章为传教士报刊“科学辅教”的文化特点及其传播模式。分析传教士报刊传播科学的特点,总结在这一传播方针指导下,传教士报刊“科学辅教”的具体传播策略运用。第四章将论述传教士报刊“科学辅教”的重要跨文化传播意义。传教士报刊的“科学辅教”活动成为西学东渐大潮中的重要支流,向中国引入了科技知识、科学观念并对中国人的文化观念产生影响,在一定程度上促进了中国近代社会的文化之变,对中国文化的发展有着相当积极的意义。熊月之在《西学东渐与晚清社会》一书中认定了传教士们在中西交通史中的主角地位：“传教士在晚清西学东渐中,担当了相当重要的角色,大部分时间里是主角。”然而在新闻史领域对这一特殊历史背景中的“主角”、对中国新闻事业的“发起者们”的描述却是少之又少。本文希望通过对于传教士报刊“科学辅教”的研究起到一种抛砖引玉的作用,使更多的人投入到这一课题中来。
[Abstract]:The missionaries came to China at the end of the Qing Dynasty, adhering to the missionary ideas of the Jesuits at the end of the Ming Dynasty, took science as the medium and carrier of religious dissemination, hoping to eliminate the rejection of the Chinese people, realize the Christianization of this ancient country, and realize the ideal of "making the glory of God shine all over the world". It is a pity that there is a relative lack of research in this field.
The study of the "scientific supplementary religion" of missionaries'newspapers and periodicals is helpful to identify the nature of missionaries' newspapers and periodicals more scientifically, and then to clarify their position and role in the process of "western learning spreading eastward". If we understand the nature of missionary newspapers and periodicals from this angle, we can understand their influence on Chinese society and give them a proper evaluation.
On the other hand, the significance of this study lies in "learning from history", as a means of cross-cultural communication, the mode of communication used by the "science auxiliary" and its effect on today's cross-cultural communication activities still have some enlightenment, which is both a spur and a warning.
This paper is divided into four chapters. Chapter one gives a general account of the relationship between science and religion, which is the basis of the following discussion. On the basis of the above understanding, this paper will discuss the realistic reasons why the missionaries in China chose the mode of "scientific assistant religion", thus revealing the historical and realistic background of "scientific assistant religion".
The second chapter will discuss the cultural essence and historical evolution of the "science-assisted religion". From the perspective of the "science-assisted religion", the dissemination of scientific content implies religious purposes, science is the form, and missionary is the essence. This paper summarizes the cultural essence of the missionary newspapers and periodicals and combs the characteristics of their different development stages.
The third chapter is about the cultural characteristics and the mode of transmission of the missionary newspapers and magazines "science assistant religion".
Chapter Four will discuss the important significance of cross-cultural communication of the missionary newspapers and periodicals.The activities of the missionary newspapers and periodicals have become an important branch of the eastward trend of Western learning and introduced scientific and technological knowledge to China. The cultural change has positive significance for the development of Chinese culture.
Xiong Yuezhi affirmed the leading role of missionaries in the history of communication between China and the West in his book The Eastern Spread of Western Learning and the Society of the Late Qing Dynasty. The "sponsors" of the missionary press are rarely described. This paper hopes to play a role in attracting more and more people to devote themselves to this topic through the study of the "science assistant religion" in the missionary press.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K252;G219.29

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