沈葆桢外交思想与实践述论

发布时间：2018-08-26 07:35

【摘要】：沈葆桢作为晚清重臣，对中国晚清社会的内政外交都产生过重大影响。他虽不是晚清外交的灵魂人物，也未能形成一套完整的外交理论体系，但其外交思想与外交实践却是晚清外交的重要组成部分。本文拟就沈葆桢外交思想形成的渊源、主要内容作一初步探讨，并对其外交思想与实践活动作一扼要评述。首先，，探讨了沈葆桢外交思想形成的渊源。从家庭教育的熏陶和传统经世爱国观念的影响两方面来展开。其次，阐述了沈葆桢外交思想与实践的主要内容。主要包括三个方面的内容：其一：“权自我操”，维护国家主权和民族利益。这主要体现在他与英法斗争，维护船政主权；对日交涉，保护台湾；与英交涉，保护铁路主权等涉外活动中。其二：不妥协，不迁就，维护现存利益。这从他妥善平息教案、识破西班牙讹诈阴谋等处理涉外事件中得到了充分体现。其三：增强国力，为外交提供坚强后盾。这主要体现为他主张积极引进外国先进技术、雇佣洋员、发展近代军事企业；创办学堂、派遣留学生、培养海军人才；开发台湾、加强内政、防御外敌等方面。再次，对沈葆桢的外交思想及外交实践进行了简要评述。沈葆桢的外交实践活动在维护国家主权和民族利益、推动中国外交近代化的进程、拓展和丰富清朝政府对外交涉的经验等方面都作出了积极贡献。但他仍未能跳出封建意识的窠臼和传统外交思想的束缚，故而不可避免地存在着某些局限性，具有守旧和不成熟的一面。
[Abstract]:Shen Baozhen, as an important minister in the late Qing Dynasty, exerted a great influence on the internal affairs and diplomacy of the late Qing Dynasty. Although he was not the soul of the diplomacy in the late Qing Dynasty, he failed to form a complete diplomatic theory system, his diplomatic thought and practice were an important part of the diplomacy in the late Qing Dynasty. The main contents are discussed briefly, and its diplomatic thoughts and practical activities are briefly reviewed.
Firstly, the paper discusses the origin of Shen Baozhen's diplomatic thought, which is based on the influence of family education and traditional patriotism.
Secondly, it expounds the main contents of Shen Baozhen's diplomatic thought and practice, mainly including three aspects: first, self-control of power, safeguarding national sovereignty and national interests. Second: not compromise, not compromise, to safeguard the existing interests. This is from his properly calming the religious case, to see through the Spanish blackmail conspiracy and other foreign-related incidents have been fully reflected. Third: to strengthen national strength, to provide a strong backing for diplomacy. This is mainly reflected in his advocacy of actively introducing foreign advanced technology, employing foreign personnel, the development of modern military enterprises; Run schools, send overseas students, train naval personnel, develop Taiwan, strengthen internal affairs and defend foreign enemies.
Thirdly, Shen Baozhen's diplomatic thought and practice are briefly reviewed. Shen Baozhen's diplomatic practice has made positive contributions to safeguarding national sovereignty and national interests, promoting the process of China's diplomatic modernization, expanding and enriching the Qing government's diplomatic experience. But he still can not get out of the feudal consciousness. As a result of the restriction of traditional diplomatic thoughts, there are inevitably some limitations, which are conservative and immature.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K256

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