绥远萨县新农试验场述论

发布时间：2018-09-04 07:59

【摘要】：从20世纪初开始,中国乡村社会的改造越来越为世人所关注,萨县新农试验场即是一次有效的尝试。该场创办于民国十八年(1929)四月,在绥远省萨拉齐县城东南十五里,由阎锡山捐资而成。萨县试验场以建设新村为宗旨,以开垦荒地和畜牧为根基,以教育为途径,并因地制宜发展毛纺织、畜产品加工等家庭手工业,最终达到“自养、自卫、自治”的社会目的。从1929年初至1937年10月,在不足九年的时间里,试验场在西北边陲的开荒建村取得了很大的成绩,不仅仅解决了场内农民和迁来之移民的温饱问题,而且使儿童得到教育,成人也接受到文化和身体两方面的培训。同时,试验场在日常工作之余,对于村民文化娱乐生活也相当重视,专门建造大礼堂以供村民集会、结社、会议之用。这一方面使村民精神生活更加富足,另一方面也使得赌、抽等不良嗜好得以减少,此消彼长,这又反过来促进了该场基本工作的开展。该场为建设新村之试验,从这个角度上讲,萨县新农试验场已经不仅仅是一个乡村单位,它更注重社会组织及社会经济的改进,而这里又带有山西“村治”的明显痕迹,因此,或许可以将其视作是山西村治运动的一个延续。新农试验场顺应西北开发的思潮,在西北地区移民垦荒、开辟新村、畜牧种草以及发展实业,这既实现了对西北地区的乡村改造,又可以在短时间内解决东部地区人口流亡的现状,同时对于转移战略物资和开发西北以保存抵御外侮的根基也有着十分重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 20th century, more and more attention has been paid to the transformation of Chinese rural society. It was founded in April, 1929, fifteen miles southeast of Suiyuan province's Saraqi county, donated by Yan Xishan. The purpose of sa county test site is to build new village, to reclaim wasteland and animal husbandry as the foundation, to take education as the way, and to develop family handicraft industry such as wool, textile and animal products processing according to local conditions, and finally to achieve the social purpose of "self-maintenance, self-defense and autonomy" From the beginning of 1929 to October 1937, in less than nine years, the test site has made great achievements in the construction of a wasteland village in the northwestern border, not only to solve the problem of food and clothing for the peasants and emigrants, but also to educate the children. Adults are also trained in both culture and body. At the same time, besides the daily work, the test site also attaches great importance to the villagers' cultural and recreational life, and specially builds the auditorium for the villagers' assembly, association and meeting. On the one hand, it makes the villagers' spiritual life more prosperous, on the other hand, it also reduces the bad habits such as gambling and smoking, which in turn promotes the basic work of the field. From this point of view, the new farm in sa county has become more than just a rural unit. It pays more attention to the improvement of social organization and social economy, and there are obvious traces of "village governance" in Shanxi. Perhaps it can be seen as a continuation of the Shanxi Village Governance Movement. In line with the trend of thought in northwest development, the new agricultural test site has emigrated and reclaimed wasteland, opened new villages, recommended animal husbandry and developed industries in the northwest region, which has not only realized the rural transformation in the northwest region, It is also of great significance for the transfer of strategic materials and the development of northwest China to preserve the foundation of resisting foreign aggression.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K262.9

【相似文献】