进步党分合研究（1911-1916）

发布时间：2018-09-10 18:41

【摘要】：民国初年大小政党林立,随着政党政治的发展逐渐有合并之势。进步党由统一党、共和党、民主党合并而成。“稳健主义”与“政治对抗力”是进步党意识形态的核心,也是促成三党合并的重要因素。跨党党员在三党合并过程中,扮演协调员或联络员的角色,政治精英集团的努力将三党合并变为事实。然而受政事影响,三党合并的过程充满了变数。三党合并的顺序不得不适时调整,又受“两党提携”挑战,使三党合并的进程异常缓慢、屡陷停顿。而众议院的选举推进三党合并,“宋案”、“大借款”、“中俄蒙古条约”重大政事使三党合并横生枝节。民主党对进步党职位的要求,使共和党大为不满,从而使三党合并风波再起。加之,三党内部所含的分裂因素,使进步党一开始就建立在极不稳固的基础上,并导致进步党后来的分裂与解散。进步党分裂原因如下:从进步党内部来说,进步党意识形态不够完整;只重视精英,不重视群众;注重上层建筑结构,其后又参与组阁,因权力分配不均,分裂为“内阁派”与“国会派”;政党领袖也至关重要,作为该党党魁的梁启超没有发挥应有的调和鼎鼐作用,应负一定的责任。特殊党员政治身份的变动,注重政务、忽视党务,对进步党的分裂产生了重要的影响。以上各因素都以时势为转移,时局一变,牵动各因素变动,或者良性的发展或者恶性的衰亡。民初建立以民主法治为基础的新秩序受到时间和政治环境的制约,武人政治强盛,文人政治衰落,“不党主义”的舆论影响、国民政治观念尚未形成等因素导致进步党的分裂与解散。进步党的分合过程,便很好的从断裂的层面揭示了民初政党发展过程中所遇到的良机与阻碍。
[Abstract]:In the early years of the Republic of China, political parties, big and small, gradually merged with the development of party politics. The Progressive Party is formed by the merger of the United Party, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. "conservatism" and "political confrontation" are the core of Progressive Party ideology and an important factor to promote the integration of the three parties. The cross-party members play the role of coordinator or liaison in the process of three-party amalgamation, and the efforts of the political elite turn the three parties into reality. However, under the influence of government, the process of three-party amalgamation is full of variables. The order of the three-party amalgamation has to be adjusted at the right time and challenged by the "two parties", which makes the process of the three-party amalgamation extremely slow and stalled again and again. The election of the House of Representatives promoted the integration of the three parties, the Song case, the "big loan", and the major political affairs of the Sino-Russian Treaty of Mongolia, which led to the merger of the three parties. The Democratic Party's demands for a Progressive Party position have made the Republican Party angry, thus reviving the three-party merger. In addition, the internal division of the three parties led to the initial establishment of the Progressive Party on a highly unstable basis, which led to the subsequent division and dissolution of the Progressive Party. The reasons for the split of the Progressive Party are as follows: within the Progressive Party, the ideology of the Progressive Party is not complete; it only attaches importance to the elite, not the masses; it pays attention to the superstructure and then participates in the formation of the cabinet, as a result of the uneven distribution of power. As the leader of the party, Liang Qichao, as the leader of the party, did not play his due role and should bear certain responsibilities. The change of political identity of special party members, paying attention to government affairs and neglecting party affairs have had an important influence on the division of progressive party. All of the above factors are shifted by the current situation, the situation changes, affect the factors change, or benign development or malignant decline. In the early days of the Republic of China, the establishment of a new order based on democracy and rule of law was restricted by time and political environment. National political concept has not yet formed and other factors leading to the split and dissolution of the Progressive Party. The process of partitioning and cooperation of the Progressive Party reveals the opportunities and obstacles encountered in the process of the development of the political parties in the early Republic of China.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K25

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