两次鸦片战争时期中西火炮射程研究

发布时间：2018-09-16 19:39

【摘要】：两次鸦片战争时期,中西主导型火炮都为前装滑膛加农炮,发射火药都为黑色火药,因此,射程都不可能太远。史料反映出中西不同类型火炮射程不同;最大射程与有效射程差距很大。清军千斤左右的红夷舰炮,有效射程只有三四百米;新铸的红夷岸炮的射程次于西洋火炮,最大射程可达4千米之外。西洋舰炮和岸炮的种类和规格相对统一,射程较清军同种类和同规格火炮要远。重型加农舰炮有效射程大都不超过0.45千米的距离,最大射程可达5千米之外,但在野战中,为保证其杀伤力,其射程不应超过2千米。在两次鸦片战争中,清军火炮射程近,杀伤力小,西洋火炮则与之相反,此乃清军失败的重要原因。文章对清朝火炮射程劣于西洋的原因进行了分析。
[Abstract]:During the two Opium Wars, Chinese and Western artillery guns were loaded with shotguns and gunpowder was gunpowder, so the range could not be too far. The historical data show that the range of Chinese and Western artillery is different, and the difference between maximum range and effective range is very large. The Red Yi naval gun of the Qing army has an effective range of only three or four hundred meters; the newly cast Red Yi Coast Gun has a range of less than western artillery, with a maximum range of up to 4 kilometers. The types and specifications of naval guns and shoreline guns are relatively uniform, and the range is longer than that of the same type and specifications of the Qing army. Heavy cannons have a range of no more than 0.45 km and a maximum range of up to 5 km, but in the field, the range should not exceed 2 km in order to ensure their killing power. In the two Opium Wars, the artillery of the Qing army had a near range and a small killing power, while the western artillery was the opposite, which was the important reason for the defeat of the Qing army. This paper analyzes the reason why the gun range of Qing Dynasty is inferior to that of the western.
【作者单位】：河南科技大学马克思主义学院;鸦片战争博物馆;
【基金】：国家社科基金后期项目资助(13FJS003) 河南科技大学人文社科科研发展专项基金资助(2013RWZX016)
【分类号】：E294;K25

【共引文献】