清王朝晚期衰败的制度性因素研究
发布时间：2018-09-19 06:16
【摘要】： 作为一个传统的中国式政权,清王朝发展到后期,除了本身无法克服的周期性制度顽疾的压力,更有历代王朝所不具备的时代变革的压力。清王朝晚期也是第一次产业革命后资本主义对全球格局的重塑时期,这使得王朝衰败的原因具有现代化的因素。和近代西方民主国家不同,中国传统的国家体制并不在于推动社会的进步和追求社会的最大幸福,而在于把分散的农村组织串联起来,维持家国一体的大一统政治格局。这种体制在“破坏——重建”的模式中运行了两千年之久。鸦片战争以来,在民族危机和阶级矛盾的双重压力下,清政府被动的站在了改革的前沿,但却在重新缔造政治权威的模式中遇到了阻碍。在镇压太平天国运动的过程中,国家权力开始转移。中央的力量被弱化,督抚的力量得到了加强,军队由国家化逐渐变为地方化,甚至私人化。国家的权力也由满洲人的手中向汉族人的手中转移。戊戌变法和新政是清政府对这个激变的时代所作的最后回应,但被寄予厚望的改革并没有恢复王朝的能力,反而加速了人民革命的到来,清政府最终倒在了激烈的改革面前。
[Abstract]:As a traditional Chinese regime, the Qing Dynasty developed to the later stage, in addition to the pressure of the periodic system can not be overcome by itself, but also the pressure of epoch change that the dynasties did not have. The late Qing Dynasty was also the period when capitalism reshaped the global pattern after the first Industrial Revolution. Different from modern western democratic countries, the traditional state system of China is not to promote social progress and pursue the greatest happiness of society, but to link the scattered rural organizations and maintain a unified political pattern of family and country. This system has been operating for two thousand years in the "destroy-rebuild" model. Since the Opium War, under the double pressure of national crisis and class contradiction, Qing government stood passively at the forefront of reform, but encountered obstacles in the mode of re-establishing political authority. In the process of suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, state power began to transfer. The power of the central government was weakened, the power of the governor was strengthened, and the army gradually changed from nationalization to localization and even personalization. The power of the state was also transferred from the hands of Manchurians to the hands of Han Chinese. The Reform Movement of 1898 and the New deal were the last responses of the Qing government to this era of upheaval, but the high expectations of the reform did not restore the power of the dynasty, but accelerated the arrival of the people's revolution, and the Qing government finally collapsed in front of the fierce reform.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K252
本文编号：2249291
[Abstract]:As a traditional Chinese regime, the Qing Dynasty developed to the later stage, in addition to the pressure of the periodic system can not be overcome by itself, but also the pressure of epoch change that the dynasties did not have. The late Qing Dynasty was also the period when capitalism reshaped the global pattern after the first Industrial Revolution. Different from modern western democratic countries, the traditional state system of China is not to promote social progress and pursue the greatest happiness of society, but to link the scattered rural organizations and maintain a unified political pattern of family and country. This system has been operating for two thousand years in the "destroy-rebuild" model. Since the Opium War, under the double pressure of national crisis and class contradiction, Qing government stood passively at the forefront of reform, but encountered obstacles in the mode of re-establishing political authority. In the process of suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, state power began to transfer. The power of the central government was weakened, the power of the governor was strengthened, and the army gradually changed from nationalization to localization and even personalization. The power of the state was also transferred from the hands of Manchurians to the hands of Han Chinese. The Reform Movement of 1898 and the New deal were the last responses of the Qing government to this era of upheaval, but the high expectations of the reform did not restore the power of the dynasty, but accelerated the arrival of the people's revolution, and the Qing government finally collapsed in front of the fierce reform.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K252
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 蒋金晖;传统政治制度的结构性缺陷与近代中国社会的转型[J];广西社会科学;2000年01期
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3 单飞跃;严颂;;经济宪政视域中的中央与地方关系——国家结构形式对经济权力配置的影响[J];上海财经大学学报;2008年02期
，本文编号：2249291
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