日俄战争前后留日学生心态变化研究
发布时间：2018-10-24 22:02
【摘要】：本文以日俄战争的进程为线索,分析日俄战争对以留日学生为主体的新式知识分子的心态影响。日俄战争的爆发及其结果,在中国社会引起了巨大轰动,特别是对于身处日本的留日学生影响更为深刻。中国人赴日留学始于甲午战后,从一开始便打上甲午耻辱的烙印。20世纪初,庚子事变、《辛丑条约》后,民族危机进一步加深,以留日学生为主体的新式知识分子更加关心国家政治,纷纷关注1904年爆发的日俄战争。以留日学生为主体的知识分子的政治思想与心态也随着日俄战争的进程不断发生变化,主要分为三个时期。 日俄战争前夕,俄国据占东三省,刺激了国人敏感的神经,特别是以留日学生为主体的新式知识分子更是以此为奇耻大辱,进而组织了声势浩大的拒俄运动。留日学生的拒俄运动促使他们在日俄战前本能的体现出一种拒俄心态。而对于同文同种的日本,留学生则表现出一种同情、迎合的心态。一方面他们以日为师,希望日本获胜,另一方面,他们也深受立宪派将日俄战争定为黄白种族之战、立宪与专制之战宣传的影响。除了拒俄迎日心态外,留日学生还表现出对清政府的信任态度,希望清政府对俄实行强硬外交,联日抗俄。但是随着日俄战争的开始,清政府实行中立政策,日俄交战,战场却在东北,这让留日学生倍感耻辱,部分留学生更将这种耻辱心态宣泄到清政府身上,与清政府日趋离异。随着日本在战争进程中不断取得胜利,部分留日学生纷纷抱以乐观心态,认为“黄种将兴”,但也有部分留日学生对此持怀疑态度,甚至是冷眼旁观。持乐观心态的留日学生探求日本崛起的原因,认为除了立宪体制外,尚武精神与国民的爱国精神是日本胜利的重要原因,因此,在留日学生中掀起一股尚武精神思潮。留日学生乐观羡慕的同时,希望尽快实现速成救国。日俄战争以日本的胜利而结束,这个结果令立宪派振奋,立宪风潮盛行,部分留日学生政治选择也由革命趋向立宪,亦有部分留日学生徘徊在立宪与革命之间。但日俄协约的签订却将清政府排除在外,并且达成了日俄在东北问题的妥协,这一结果令以留日学生为主体的新式知识分子重新认识日俄战争,实现了群体意识的自觉与民族国家意识的升华,由最早的种族民族主义向民族国家主义过渡。清政府的中立外交政策及对东北地区的旁观,令心态激进的留日学生深以为耻,纷纷与清政府离异,趋向革命。也有部分留日学生选择立宪,清政府的立宪改革成为维系清政府与新式知识群体的唯一救命稻草。但随着立宪改革的失败,辛亥革命风潮随即风起云涌。
[Abstract]:Based on the process of the Japanese-Russian War, this paper analyzes the influence of the Japanese-Russian War on the new type of intellectuals with students studying in Japan as the main body. The outbreak of the war between Japan and Russia and its outcome caused a great stir in Chinese society, especially for Japanese students living in Japan. The Chinese went to Japan to study after the Sino-Japanese War, and from the very beginning they were branded with the stigma of the Japanese-style disgrace. In the early 20th century, after the Gengzi incident and the "Xin Chou Treaty," the national crisis deepened further. New-style intellectuals, mainly students studying in Japan, were more concerned about national politics and paid more attention to the war between Japan and Russia in 1904. The political thought and mentality of intellectuals with students studying in Japan as the main body also changed continuously with the process of the Japanese and Russian War, mainly divided into three periods. On the eve of the Japanese-Russian War, Russia occupied the three eastern provinces, which stimulated the sensitive nerves of the Chinese people, especially the new-style intellectuals, whose main body was the students studying in Japan. The anti-Russian movement of students in Japan urges them to reflect a kind of anti-Russian mentality before the war. For the same Japanese, students showed a sympathetic, pandering mentality. On the one hand, they took Japan as a teacher and hoped Japan would win, on the other hand, they were also influenced by the propaganda of the Japanese-Russian War as a war of yellowish-white race, constitutionalism and despotism. In addition to the attitude of refusing to welcome Russia to Japan, the students in Japan also showed their trust in the Qing government, hoping that the Qing government would carry out tough diplomacy against Russia and join Japan against Russia. However, with the beginning of the war between Japan and Russia, the Qing government carried out the policy of neutrality, and Japan and Russia engaged in war, but the battlefield was in the northeast, which made the students studying in Japan feel humiliated. Some overseas students even divulged this stigma on the Qing government and divorced from the Qing government day by day. As Japan continues to win the war, some students in Japan are optimistic that "yellow seeds will flourish", but some remain in Japan with skepticism and even indifference. The optimistic students studying in Japan seek the reasons for the rise of Japan, and think that besides the constitutional system, the spirit of martial arts and the patriotic spirit of the people are the important reasons for Japan's victory, therefore, a trend of thought of the spirit of martial arts is set off among the students studying in Japan. Japanese students optimistic envy at the same time, hope to achieve rapid national salvation as soon as possible. The Japanese and Russian war ended with the victory of Japan. This result inspired the constitutionalists, and the trend of constitutionalism prevailed. The political choice of some students studying in Japan also moved from revolution to constitutionalism, and some students from Japan hovered between constitutionalism and revolution. However, the signing of the treaty between Japan and Russia excluded the Qing government and reached a compromise between Japan and Russia in the northeast issue. This result made the new intellectuals, mainly students studying in Japan, reunderstand the Japanese-Russian War. It realizes the consciousness of group consciousness and the sublimation of national state consciousness, from the earliest ethnic nationalism to the national nationalism. The neutral foreign policy of Qing government and the bystander of Northeast China made the radical students of studying in Japan feel ashamed and divorced from the Qing government one after another and tended to revolution. Some students in Japan chose constitutionalism, and the constitutional reform of Qing government became the only lifeline to maintain the Qing government and modern knowledge groups. However, with the failure of constitutional reform, the Revolution of 1911 surge.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K257
本文编号：2292689
[Abstract]:Based on the process of the Japanese-Russian War, this paper analyzes the influence of the Japanese-Russian War on the new type of intellectuals with students studying in Japan as the main body. The outbreak of the war between Japan and Russia and its outcome caused a great stir in Chinese society, especially for Japanese students living in Japan. The Chinese went to Japan to study after the Sino-Japanese War, and from the very beginning they were branded with the stigma of the Japanese-style disgrace. In the early 20th century, after the Gengzi incident and the "Xin Chou Treaty," the national crisis deepened further. New-style intellectuals, mainly students studying in Japan, were more concerned about national politics and paid more attention to the war between Japan and Russia in 1904. The political thought and mentality of intellectuals with students studying in Japan as the main body also changed continuously with the process of the Japanese and Russian War, mainly divided into three periods. On the eve of the Japanese-Russian War, Russia occupied the three eastern provinces, which stimulated the sensitive nerves of the Chinese people, especially the new-style intellectuals, whose main body was the students studying in Japan. The anti-Russian movement of students in Japan urges them to reflect a kind of anti-Russian mentality before the war. For the same Japanese, students showed a sympathetic, pandering mentality. On the one hand, they took Japan as a teacher and hoped Japan would win, on the other hand, they were also influenced by the propaganda of the Japanese-Russian War as a war of yellowish-white race, constitutionalism and despotism. In addition to the attitude of refusing to welcome Russia to Japan, the students in Japan also showed their trust in the Qing government, hoping that the Qing government would carry out tough diplomacy against Russia and join Japan against Russia. However, with the beginning of the war between Japan and Russia, the Qing government carried out the policy of neutrality, and Japan and Russia engaged in war, but the battlefield was in the northeast, which made the students studying in Japan feel humiliated. Some overseas students even divulged this stigma on the Qing government and divorced from the Qing government day by day. As Japan continues to win the war, some students in Japan are optimistic that "yellow seeds will flourish", but some remain in Japan with skepticism and even indifference. The optimistic students studying in Japan seek the reasons for the rise of Japan, and think that besides the constitutional system, the spirit of martial arts and the patriotic spirit of the people are the important reasons for Japan's victory, therefore, a trend of thought of the spirit of martial arts is set off among the students studying in Japan. Japanese students optimistic envy at the same time, hope to achieve rapid national salvation as soon as possible. The Japanese and Russian war ended with the victory of Japan. This result inspired the constitutionalists, and the trend of constitutionalism prevailed. The political choice of some students studying in Japan also moved from revolution to constitutionalism, and some students from Japan hovered between constitutionalism and revolution. However, the signing of the treaty between Japan and Russia excluded the Qing government and reached a compromise between Japan and Russia in the northeast issue. This result made the new intellectuals, mainly students studying in Japan, reunderstand the Japanese-Russian War. It realizes the consciousness of group consciousness and the sublimation of national state consciousness, from the earliest ethnic nationalism to the national nationalism. The neutral foreign policy of Qing government and the bystander of Northeast China made the radical students of studying in Japan feel ashamed and divorced from the Qing government one after another and tended to revolution. Some students in Japan chose constitutionalism, and the constitutional reform of Qing government became the only lifeline to maintain the Qing government and modern knowledge groups. However, with the failure of constitutional reform, the Revolution of 1911 surge.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K257
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